fault lines in puget soundimperial armour compendium 9th edition pdf trove

The study was. Mount Vernon Fault/Granite Falls FZ/Woods Creek, Rogers Belt (Mount Vernon Fault/Granite Falls Fault Zone), Saint Helens Zone and Western Rainier Zone, Quaternary fault and fold database (QFFDB), USGS QFFDB Fault #574, Devils Mountain Fault, USGS QFFDB Fault #571, Strawberry Point Fault, USGS QFFDB Fault #573, Utsalady Point Fault, Brightwater regional sewage treatment plant, USGS QFFDB Fault #572, Southern Whidbey Island Fault, USGS QFFDB Fault #575, Saddle Mountain Faults, "A Rifted Margin Origin for the Crescent Basalts and Related Rocks in the Northern Coast Range Volcanic Province, Washington and British Columbia", "Preliminary atlas of active shallow tectonic deformation in the Puget Lowland, Washington", "Volcanism, Isostatic Residual Gravity, and Regional Tectonic Setting of the Cascade Volcanic Province", "Findings on the southern Whidbey Island fault zone from aeromagnetic anomalies, lidar surveys, and trenching", "The Saddle Mountain Fault Deformation Zone, Olympic Peninsula, Washington: Western Boundary of the Seattle Uplift", "Connecting Crustal Faults and Tectonics from Puget Sound across the Cascade Range to the Yakima Fold and Thrust Belt, Washington: Evidence from New High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Data [Abstract GP232-02]", Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, "The Cottage Lake Aeromagnetic Lineament: A possible onshore extension of the Southern Whidbey Island Fault, Washington", "Location, structure, and seismicity of the Seattle fault zone, Washington: Evidence from aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and seismic-reflection data", 10.1130/0016-7606(2002)114<0169:LSASOT>2.0.CO;2, "High-pressure metamporphism and uplift of the Olympic subduction complex", 10.1130/0091-7613(1990)018<1252:HPMAUO>2.3.CO;2, "Interpretation of the Seattle Uplift, Washington, as a Passive-Roof Duplex", "Tectonic elements and evolution of northwest Washington", "Quaternary faulting on Dow Mountain, Mason County", "Major Cenozoic faults in the northern Puget Lowland of Washington", "High-Resolution Seismic Reflection Imaging of Growth Folding and Shallow Faults beneath the Southern Puget Lowland, Washington State", "LITHOPROBE southern Vancouver Island: Cenozoic subduction complex imaged by deep seismic reflections", "Geologic map of the Lilliwaup 7.5-minute quadrangle, Mason County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Holly 7.5-minute quadrangle, Jefferson, Kitsap, and Mason Counties, Washington", "Geologic map of the Eldon 7.5-minute quadrangle, Jefferson, Kitsap, and Mason Counties, Washington", "Geophysical Investigation of the Southern Puget Sound Area, Washington", "Geologic Map and Interpreted Geologic History of the Bow and Alger 7.5-minute Quadrangles, Western Skagit County, Washington", "Geologic Map of Washington Northwest Quadrant", "Geologic map of the Oak Harbor, Crescent Harbor, and part of the Smith Island 7.5-minute quadrangles, Island County", "Geologic map of the McMurray 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Skagit and Snohomish Counties, Washington, with a Discussion of the Evidence for Holocene Activity on the DarringtonDevils Mountain Fault Zone", "Geologic map of the Fall City 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Geologic map of the North Bend 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington, with a discussion of major faults, folds, and basins in the map area", "Geologic Map of the Snoqualmie 7.5-Minute Quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Carnation 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Supplement to the geologic map of the Carnation 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington Geochronologic, geochemical, point count, geophysical, earthquake, fault, and neotectonic data", "Geologic map of the Monroe 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Lake Joy 7.5-minute quadrangle, King County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Sultan 7.5-minute quadrangle, Snohomish and King Counties, Washington", "Geologic Map of the Lake Chaplain 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington", "Geologic map of the Lake Roesiger 7.5-minute quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington", "Geologic Map of the Granite Falls 7.5-minute Quadrangle, Snohomish County, Washington", "Imaging Crustal Structure in Southwestern Washington With Small Magnetometer Arrays", "Geology of the Mount St. Helens Area: Record of Discontinuous Volcanic and Plutonic Activity in the Cascade Arc of Southern Washington", "Geophysical constraints on Washington convergent margin structure", "Aeromagnetic map compilation: procedures for merging and an example from Washington", "Something old, something new, something borrowed, something blue - a new perspective on seismic hazards in Washington using aeromagnetic data", "Constraints on surface deformation in the Seattle, WA, urban corridor from satellite radar interferometry time-series analysis", "Crustal Structure and Earthquake Hazards of the Subduction Zone in Southwestern British Columbia and Western Washington", "Late Mesozoic or Early Tertiary Melanges in the Western Cascades of Washington", "Seismotectonic map of the Puget Sound region, Washington", "Distribution of late Cenozoic volcanic vents in the Cascade Range: Volcanic arc segmentation and regional tectonic considerations", "Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington", "Fault scarp detection beneath dense vegetation cover: airborne LIDAR mapping of the Seattle Fault Zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington State", 10.1130/1052-5173(2003)13<0004:HLTOTP>2.0.CO;2, "Structural variation along the Devil's Mountain fault zone, northwestern Washington", 10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<15:SOTCVC>2.0.CO;2, "Fault number 572, Southern Whidbey Island Fault", "Active shortening of the Cascadia forearc and implications for seismic hazards of the Puget Lowland", "Active tectonics of the Seattle fault and central Puget Sound, Washington Implications for earthquake hazards", 10.1130/0016-7606(1999)111<1042:ATOTSF>2.3.CO;2, "Evidence for Late Holocene Earthquakes on the Utsalady Point Fault, Northern Puget Lowland, Washington", 10.1130/0091-7613(1994)022<0071:OAEOTS>2.3.CO;2, "The southern Whidbey Island fault An active structure in the Puget Lowland, Washington", 10.1130/0016-7606(1996)108<0334:TSWIFA>2.3.CO;2, "Late Holocene displacement on the Southern Whidbey Island fault zone, northern Puget lowland", "The Tahuya Lineament: Southwestern Extension of the Seattle Fault? Offsets in the eastwest oriented Monroe Fault (south side of the Skykomish River), earthquake focal mechanisms, and kinematic indications show that the CCFZ is a left-lateral strike-slip fault, possibly with some oblique motion (up on the eastern side). The uplift and basin pattern is continued to the west and southwest by the Grays Harbor Basin, Willapa Hills Uplift, and Astoria Basin,[25] but it is not known if these are bounded by faults in the same manner as in the Puget Sound region. Strands of the east-striking Devils Mountain Fault cross the northern tip of Whidbey Island at Dugualla Bay and north side of Ault Field (Whidbey Island Naval Air Station). Methane Plume Emissions Associated With Puget Sound Faults in the Cascadia Forearc CC BY 4.0 Authors: H. Paul Johnson University of Washington Seattle S. G. Merle National Oceanic and. (Links with more information on various hazards can be found at Seattle Fault.). [195] The southwestern boundary of the SWCC, where it is believed to be in near vertical contact with the Eocene basalts of the Crescent Formation, forms a good part of the 90km (56 mile) long SHZ. [118], Studies of the Seattle Fault west of Bremerton have revealed a complexity of geological structure and faulting. The worst of the tsunami would hit the Pacific Coast and San Juan Islands area but the interior of Puget Sound between Edmonds, Tacoma, and Hoodsport could see waves 10 feet or higher, the. [75], The strongly expressed topographical lineaments at the north end of the Rogers Belt pose a perplexing problem, as they show no definite offset where they are bisected by the left-lateral oblique-slip Devils Mountain Fault. Especially as seismic reflection data[135] shows some faulting continuing east across Vashon Island and the East Passage of Puget Sound (the East Passage Zone, EPZ) towards Federal Way and an east-striking anticline. external structure, lines, and riggings; stand deck watches, such as helmsman and lookout underway; stand pier sentry, fire security, anchor, and . [170] Gower, Yount & Crosson (1985), labelling it "structure L", mapped it from Shelton (near the Olympic foothills) southeast to Olympia (pretty nearly right under the state Legislature), directly under the town of Rainier, to a point due east of the Doty Fault, and apparently marking the northeastern limit of a band of southeast striking faults in the Centralia-Chehalis area. Olympia VA Clinic at VA Puget Sound health care, 253-583-2621 These maps are based on only one Cascadia scenario. The most recent Seattle Fault earthquake was about 1,100 years ago; The Seattle Fault has been active about three or four times in the past 3,000 years. The Seattle Fault crosses east-west through Puget Sound and downtown Seattle. Part of the Snohomish River Delta between Everett and Marysville could get nearly 6 feet, and Seattle's Harbor Island could be inundated with nearly 4 feet of water. [187] Such a length would be comparable to the length of the Seattle or Tacoma faults, and capable of an earthquake of M 6.7. (Not included in QFFDB. The Puget Sound faults under the highly populated Seattle and Puget Sound region of Washington state form a regional network of interrelated seismologic geologic faults. News Media at VA Puget Sound health care, 206-764-2435, 206-764-2317. South of Monroe the folds of the Rogers Belt are obscured by subsequent volcanic formations, but other faults parallel to the RMFZ (e.g., the Snoqualmie Valley and Johnson's Swamp fault zones) extend the general trend of NNW faulting as far as Monroe. Strawberry Point and Utsalady Point faults, "The Puget Lowland is a north-south-trending structural basin that is flanked by Mesozoic and Tertiary rocks of the Cascade Range on the east and by Eocene rocks of the Olympic Mountains on the west. They run . If, as this model suggests, the various faults are interconnected within the thrust sheet, there is a possibility that one earthquake could trigger others. . [188] In the acute angle between these is located the minor Lincoln Creek uplift, the Doty Hills, and an impressive chunk of uplifted Crescent basalt (reddish area at west edge of the map). Washington's fault lines tend to sweep east-west. Cluster of earthquakes in Puget Sound considered 'normal', earthquake researchers say. This is the Puget Lowland. E.g., mapping along the Rattlesnake Mountain Fault Zone has revealed a complex network of active or potentially active faults across (and likely beyond) the lower Snoqualmie Valley, including the Cherry Creek Fault Zone, scene of the 1996 M 5.3 Duvall earthquake. Not until 2001 was it identified as a fault zone,[12] and only in 2004 did trenching reveal Holocene activity. [83], The CCFZ appears to be related to the parallel Tokul Creek fault zone to the south; both appear to be conjugate faults[84] to the northwest-trending SWIF. The 1949, 1965, and 2001 Puget Sound earthquakes were the result of _____ fault movement within the Juan de Fuca plate. 1958 and Geologic Map GM-34 for details.). That earthquake, likely between magnitude 7 and 7.5, lifted the southern end of Bainbridge Island and West Seattle more than 20 feet (3 meters), generated a tsunami, and created landslides into Lake Washington, says Bill Steele . These faults are not quite aligned with the Olympia structure, striking N75W (285) rather than N45W (315). In the angle between these is located the minor Lincoln Creek uplift, the Doty Hills, and, further west, an impressive chunk of Crescent basalt. Seattle Fault Zone in Central Puget Sound Washington Military Department FEMA Emergency Management Division . The Doty Fault/Chehalis Basin sequence follows the cross-section X-X' shown on the, The long-range mapping plan area and current status of planned mapping can be seen at, For the County's interpretation of the geological hazard and anticipated impacts of a major earthquake, see the, Interstate 5 runs nearly due north from Everett to Mount Vernon, except for a stretch southeast of Conway that parallels one of these low-amplitude folds. Despite not having active plate tectonics, the eastern United States still experiences earthquakes. South of the OWL a definite eastern boundary has not been found, with some indications it is indefinite. [87], Rattlesnake Mountain is a prominent NNW trending ridge just west of North Bend (about 25 miles east of Seattle). slope, need not be high. Simply put, the basement rock on the west side of Puget Sound does not match the basement rock on the east side. In the map above these are represented by the pair of dotted lines at the lower right. 1 - 10 of 83 American Seattle Cruise Reviews. [74], Early Eocene igneous units in the area appear to be part of a 49- to 44- Ma magmatic belt that appeared just after the arrival of Siletzia, and possibly associated with that event. [155] North of the Seattle Fault accommodation of regional movement may be along the northwest-striking Dabob Bay Fault Zone. About 1,100 years ago, a major earthquake rocked Puget Sound, suddenly shooting what is now Restoration Point on Bainbridge Island up about 23 feet while Seattle 's West Point sunk more than. Harold Tobin, . The Puget Sound faults under the heavily populated Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of Washington state form a regional complex of interrelated seismogenic (earthquake-causing) geologic faults. [72] The WMB is an assemblage of Late Jurassic and Cretaceous rock (some of it as much as 166 million years old) collected in the accretionary wedge (or prism) of a subduction zone. This map of Puget Sound shows the location of the methane plumes as yellow and white circles. [203] This line is the southernmost of a band of NE trending faults and topographical lineaments that extend from the Oregon coast into the North Cascades. [5] The southern limit nearly matches the southern limit of the glaciation; possibly the seismicity reflects rebound of the upper crust after being stressed by the weight of the glacial ice. Please follow the steps below: . [9] Not until 1992 was the first of the lowland faults, the Seattle Fault, confirmed to be an actual fault with Holocene activity, and the barest minimum of its history established.[10]. The apparent gap north of Riffe Lake is possibly due to obscuration by volcanic deposits of the Northcraft Formation. Recent EQ List Though the Olympia Structure (a suspected fault) runs towards the SHZ, and delineates the northern edge of an exposed section of the Crescent Formation, it appears to be an upper crustal fold, part of a pattern of folding that extends southeast to cross the Columbia River near The Dalles, and unrelated to the mid and lower crustal SHZ. [68] Both of these faults (and some others) appear to terminate against the left-lateral Sultan River Fault at the western margin of the NNE-striking Cherry Creek Fault Zone (CCFZ; see next section). Detailed mapping of this area since 2006 has revealed a complex pattern of faults. [60] Such seismic hazards were a major issue in the siting of the plant, as it is tucked between two active strands, and the influent and effluent pipelines cross multiple zones of disturbed ground. 39 earthquakes in the past 365 days. There is evidence that the Tacoma Fault connects with the White River River Fault (WRF) via the EPZ and Federal Way, under the Muckleshoot Basin (see map),[137] and thence to the Naches River Fault. The alternative, that younger faulting in the Rogers Belt has offset the DMF Cheney argued that the MVF had offset the DMF 47km. Study of surface deformation suggests possible unmapped faults near Federal Way, running between Sumner and Steilacoom, and south of Renton.[223]. The Puget Sound region is not just potentially seismic, it is actively seismic. If the pattern is continued to the southwest, along cross-section A-A' in Pratt's figure 11 (and missing the mapped trace of the Doty Fault), then the next basin is at Grays Harbor (not shown here). The energy released depends on the length of the fault; the faults here are believed capable of generating earthquakes as great as M 6 or 7. (1997), while observing the "remarkable straight boundaries that we interpret as evidence of structural control",[171] refrained from calling this structure a fault. [71], These faults cut through the Western Mlange Belt (WMB; blue area in map), exposed from North Bend (on Interstate 90) to Mount Vernon. [192] Indeed, it is mainly by their seismicity that these faults are known and have been located, neither showing any surface faulting. King County Emergency News. It is of interest here because the various strands of the Seattle Fault change orientation where they appear to cross the OWL,[20] and various other features, such as the Rosedale monocline and Olympia structure, and a great many local topographical features, have parallel alignments. 206-296-3830. The Straight Creek Fault is a major structure in the North Cascades, but has not been active for over 30 million years. E.g., HH mlange rock has been found in Manastash Ridge, 110km to the south (look for the small sliver of purple near the bottom of the diagram). Thick glacial and other deposits, heavy vegetation, urban development, and a topography of sharp relief and rapid erosion obscures the surface expression of faults in this region, and has hindered their discovery. The discovery was an alarm bell for engineers and emergency planners. [158] Vertical movement on these faults has created prominent scarps that have dammed Price Lake and (just north of Saddle Mountain) Lilliwaup Swamp. The ultimate driver of the stresses that cause earthquakes are the motions of the tectonic plates: material from the Earth's mantle rises at spreading centers, and moves out as plates of oceanic crust which eventually are subducted under the more buoyant plates of continental crust. [164] Such quakes pose a serious threat to the City of Tacoma's dams at Lake Cushman,[165] located in the fault zone,[166] and to everyone downstream on the Skokomish River. [141] (Originally named the Tahuya Fault. But today, after 131 years of statehood, residents of this region still don't know if they have a legal right to walk across a privately . The Seattle Fault is the most studied of the regional faults, which has led to several models of its structure, which may also be relevant to other faults. Nurse Information Line at VA Puget Sound health care, 800-329-8387 x4. The Puget Sound Region is crisscrossed by fault lines and zones and also located close to the Cascadia Subduction Zone, where the Juan de Fuca and North American tectonic plates meet. It appears the entire DDMFZ and Leech River fault system was pushed onto the early continental margin from an original alignment along the OWL. [98] This turns and runs just south of Victoria, nearly in-line with the SWIF. I've been in the business for 20 years and the way skilled labor has been treated up until very recently drove a ton of people away from the industry. This fault produced a large earthquake that left a geologic record of surface offsets about 1100 years ago. There's a one-in-10 chance that the next . 20);[208] it includes the Cherry Creek Fault Zone NNE of Carnation, location of the 1965 Duvall earthquake. It stands out in regard of its eastwest orientation, depth to bedrock, and hazard to an urban population center. Because the Seattle and Tacoma faults run directly under the biggest concentration of population and development in the region, more damage would be expected, but all the faults reviewed here may be capable of causing severe damage locally, and disrupting the regional transportation infrastructure, including highways, railways, and pipelines. This structure is shown in the gravitational mapping of 1965, but without comment. [47], To the southeast the SWIF passes through Admiralty Inlet (past Port Townsend) and across the southern part of Whidbey Island, crossing to the mainland between Mukilteo and Edmonds. A different mountain and fault zone of the same name are located near Pasco; see QFFDB Fault #565), The southern end of Rattlesnake Mountain is truncated at the OlympicWallowa Lineament (OWL), and the faults turn easterly to merge with the OWL. At Darrington it is seen to connect with the Darrington Fault, which runs nearly south 110km to converge with the Straight Creek Fault (SCF), and then to turn near Easton to align with the OlympicWallowa Lineament; together these are known as the DarringtonDevils Mountain Fault Zone (DDMFZ). "Puget Sound and related inland marine waters, including all salt waters of the state of Washington inside the international boundary line between Washington and British Columbia, and lying east of the junction of the Pacific Ocean and the Strait of Juan de Fuca, and the rivers and streams draining to Puget Sound as mapped by water resource . But it does not appear that there have been studies of the deeper structure of these faults, or whether there has been any recent activity. [160] The Canyon River Fault is a major fault in itself, associated with a 40km long lineament and distinct late Holocene scarps of up to 3 meters.[161]. The principal effects of this complex interplay of forces on the near-surface crust underlying the Puget Lowland are: Further complicating this is a feature of unknown structure and origin, the OlympicWallowa Lineament (OWL). "Most often, when we think of tsunamis, we think of our outer coast and communities along the Pacific Ocean. These include the: Southern Whidbey Island Fault (SWIF) Seattle Fault Devils Mountain Fault Strawberry Point fault Utsalady Point fault Calawah fault Barnes Creek Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems , 2021; 23 (1) DOI: 10.1029/2021GC010211 Cite This Page : Other similar rock has been found at the Rimrock Lake Inlier (bottom of diagram), in the San Juan Islands, and in the Pacific Coast Complex along the West Coast Fault on the west side of Vancouver Island. [79] It is deemed a "major active or potentially active" structure. Other similar lineaments (such as from Astoria to Glacier Peak) align with various topographical features and changes in fault orientation. [92] This is where the SWIF encounters the edge of the Western and Eastern Melange Belts (remnants of a mid-Cretaceous subduction zone[93]); the RMFZ is where the Seattle Uplift is being forced against the Western Melange belt[94], To the north the Melange Belt is manifested as the Rogers Belt, a zone of low-amplitude folding stretching from Monroe to Mount Vernon; the apparent western edge of this zone is on-strike with the RMFZ. This map of Puget Sound shows the location of the methane plumes (yellow and white circles) detected along the ship's path (purple). [215] [43] Just south of Victoria, British Columbia it intersects the west-striking Devils Mountain Fault (reviewed above), and either merges with it,[44] or crosses (and possibly truncates) it to connect with the Leech River Fault. fault Which of the following statements best describes elastic-rebound theory? Turkey's Fault Line is Similar to Faults Under Puget Sound | KUOW Officials on Tuesday said they believe that more than 7,000 people are dead after a magnitude 7.8 earthquake shook southern Turkey, near the Turkish-Syrian border. Here the main strand on the western edge merges with the Sultan River Fault under the Sultan River. The last large event was in 1700, but there is a 37 percent chance of an 7.1+ in the next 50 years. East of Puget Sound the basement of the Cascades province is various pre-Tertiary (older than 65 Ma) metamorphic rock. Although Washington State's Puget Sound has been shaken every few decades, damage in the region's largest cities, including Seattle, Tacoma and Olympia, has only ever been modest. Although the largely unstudied White River Fault (WRF) appears to lie just outside the Puget Lowland, it may actually connect under the Muckleshoot Basin to the East Passage Zone and the Tacoma Fault (map). The Puget Sound faults under the heavily populated Puget Sound region (Puget Lowland) of Washington state form a regional complex of interrelated seismogenic (earthquake-causing) geologic faults. [6] The first definite indications of most of these faults came from gravitational mapping in 1965,[7] and their likely existence noted on mapping in 1980 and 1985. A Cascadia event could cause dangerous currents in Puget Sound, reaching speeds up to 9 knots in the Agate Passage north of Bainbridge Island and 6 knots off of Discovery Park in Seattle. [216], An Everett Fault, running east-northeast along the bluffs between Mukilteo and Everett that is, east of the SWIF and at the southern edge of the Everett Basin has been claimed, but this does not appear to have been corroborated.[217]. [57] Mapping of areas further east that might clarify the pattern is not currently planned.

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