the tendency to favor one's own group quizletimperial armour compendium 9th edition pdf trove

Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like True or false: Prejudice definitions can include positive or negative judgments., Prejudice is having a negative attitude toward groups or individuals, whereas _____ is when those attitudes turn into behaviors toward the group or individual., In the context of the world, every race is a: and more. At the time it was written, however, women and minorities (especially enslaved people) were not included in this sentiment. 29 terms. According to Gallup's polling . An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. Because the attributes of group categories can be either good or bad, we tend to favor the groups with people like us and incidentally disfavor the others. Whereas SDO emphasizes potential economic conflicts, RWA focuses on value conflicts. d. encouraging them to engage in more thoughtful moral reasoning. swissworld: paysages, Pregntale a otro(a) estudiante qu pide en un restaurante en las siguientes situaciones. Instead, it measures how quickly people make judgments about the goodness or badness of various groups. The results from research using the IAT are consistent with social identity theory. c. blood alcohol. This reaction is best explained in terms of: After the events of 9/11, some Americans began boycotting Arab-American stores and lashing out at any person they perceived as Middle Eastern. Peoples identities are multifaceted, intersecting across gender, race, class, age, region, and more. Social identity theory (Tajfel, Billig, Bundy, & Flament, 1971) describes this tendency to favor one's own in-group over another's outgroup. C) Having an unreasonable fear of those who are different from you. Log in Join. c. animals can be bred for aggressiveness. The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. What entry (debit or credit) does the recipient record? c. romantic love When are petty cash expenses recognized (at the time of establishment, reimbursement, or replenishment)? Greenwald, A. G., Poehlman, T. A., Uhlmann, E. L., & Banaji, M. R. (2009). The difference is that we categories ourselves, as self-categorization theory points out (Turner, 1975). But when he noticed several adults walk past the man, he concluded that the man did not need any help. An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. self-fulfilling. Categories, then, are becoming more and more uncertain, unclear, volatile, and complex (Bodenhausen & Peery, 2009). This finding is an example of: In Europe, prejudice is often greater among those whose positive self-image is threatened. Ethnocentrism is the term that denotes this kind of behavior. . Participants paid $1 more likely to change their beliefs about the task. Microaggressions are often subtle so that makes them easy to shake off. (2004). Armstrong Publishing had 25% of its sales in mysteries, 10% in biographies, 15% in cookbooks, 15% in romance novels, 20% in science, and the rest in business books. This best illustrates: For example, if two classes of children want to play on the same soccer field, the classes will come to dislike each other not because of any real, objectionable traits about the other group. When she gets home in the evening, she criticizes her friend's choice of restaurant for dinner. experiments were performed despite mass student protests against the research. Psychology. Outgroup bias is the tendency to dislike or belittle members of groups that we don't identify with. What are the demand functions in this case? Right-wing authoritarianism, left-wing authoritarianism, and pandemic-mitigation authoritarianism. The frustration-aggression principle most clearly applies to individuals with higher-than-average levels of: In the context of the motivational sources of prejudice, this scenario exemplifies ________. The point is that SDOa preference for inequality as normal and naturalalso predicts endorsing the superiority of certain groups: men, native-born residents, heterosexuals, and believers in the dominant religion. What causes a gain or loss on the sale of a bond investment? They have relatively low levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. (Extremes). Boy scout experiment- created conflict and then used superordinate goals to override it, woman whose murder in front of witnesses led to research on bystander effect, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 1, Los Infinitivos -AR de Descubre 1: Parte 2, 01: History of PsychPeople (Unit 1 Review), Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is known as ., The underlying reason why stereotype threat can undermine the performance of members of a group with respect to some ability is that the experience of stereotype threat fosters ., In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs . A petty cash fund of $200 was established on April 1, 2016. On your way to school one day, ask yourself how many types of vehicles breeze down Main St U.S.A., on the average? The girls' belief best illustrates: Daniel does not get the desired salary hike during his annual appraisal. When four people watched them, they made 80 percent of their shots. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The jury . This fact is consistent with the principle that ________ breeds prejudice. This includes interference, displacement, and Stereotypes are the _______ component of a negative attitude towards a group of people. a. human aggression is an unlearned instinct. Prejudice. a personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower in status . Notably, the combination of high RWA and high SDO predicts joining hate groups that openly endorse aggression against minority groups, immigrants, homosexuals, and believers in non-dominant religions (Altemeyer, 2004). The tendency of people to believe that one gets what one deserves and deserves what one gets is called: In Harber's (1998) study, poorly written essays received high ratings if participants were led to believe they were written by Black students rather than White students. b. Conformity This effect has been researched by many psychologists and linked to many theories related to group . Research on how we categorize social information suggests that Joie is most likely to believe that most: Sun Microsystems uses the accrual basis of accounting and recognizes revenue at the time it sells goods or renders services. Female 3: But you know your kid better than anybody else and if you think he's acting different than usual, Male 1: acting really down, crying all the time for no good . Idea that individuals pair up into relationships with people who are similar to their level of physical attraction. Women cannot drive. School California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Course Title PSYC 3500; Uploaded By staceymartinez1224. swissworld: saisons This phenomenon is known as ________. That said, the targets of bias sometimes shift across time. HLT. c. Conflict where all constants are positive, a(0,1)a \in(0,1)a(0,1). Examined the impact of conformity with his famous Line Perception experiment. Tajfel (1979) proposed that the groups (e.g. a. deindividuation. (d) Put a=1/2a=1 / 2a=1/2. Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that: Study Resources. In individualistic cultures, what is NOT one of the four beliefs that parents have identified as necessary for adolescent autonomy? His reaction most clearly illustrates one of the dynamics involved in, An expectation that people will help those who depend on them is known as the, Two conflicting groups who share the same negative views of one another demonstrate. When it comes to relationships, it is valuable to remember that negative comments usually carry much more weight than positive ones. Pablo and Sabina's failure to resolve their argument for their mutual benefit illustrates a failure to develop. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. Ethnocentrism. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like social identity theory observations, Reza is a male, Muslim, and Persian. scapegoat theory: the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. Ever since he received notice of his probation, Montel has become increasingly hostile toward racial minority students and staff on campus. Even ordinary people, without any particular hostility, can become agents in a destructive process. a. cognitive dissonance. "teachers" actually seemed to enjoy shocking the "learners.". Do you or someone you know believe that group hierarchies are inevitable? For example, researchers have found that those who score higher on SDO are usually lower than average on tolerance, empathy, altruism, and community orientation. Although research has shown that people higher in SDO are more likely to be politically conservative, there are other traits that more strongly predict ones SDO. Consequently, the girls in his class become apprehensive when preparing and giving speeches in his class. However, imagine if every time you ate ice cream, you got a brain freeze. In the context of the relationship between religion and racial prejudice, if one defines religiousness as church membership, then the more religious people have ________. It might be easy to dismiss the IAT findings of the all-too-human tendency toward faster, more favorable processing of ones own group. d. They have relatively high levels of serotonin and high levels of testosterone. d. vivid cases. Turner, J. C. (1975). What term best describes Elena's behavior? Like the guard at night saying: Who goes there, friend or foe? If the other group has good, cooperative intentions, we view them as warm and often consider them part of our side. However, if the other group is cold, we often view them as a threat and treat them accordingly. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Social psychology, Positive illusions, Self-serving bias and more. A) the tendency to favor members of one's own group. Iceland, for example, guarantees legal equality between men and women. Compared with nonplayers, people with extensive exposure to violent video gaming display ________ desensitization to violence, and they are ________ likely to help an injured victim. model of love based on three components: intimacy, passion, and commitment; several types of love exist, depending on the presence or absence of each of these components. Only when research participants were informed that a woman was raped did they perceive the woman's behavior as inviting rape. Or even ageist people who feel fond of older adults but, at the same time, view them as incompetent to support themselves and worry about the burden they place on public welfare programs. A confirmation bias is cognitive bias that favors information that confirms your previously existing beliefs or biases. An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. The tenency to favor our own group: Term. Historical examples abound. Sons are more valued than daughters. Assume that p,q,rp, q, rp,q,r, and sss represent propositions, D) GRIT. When 12-year-old Jamilah saw an old man lying on the sidewalk, he prepared to offer help. : Men are more intelligent. Just 80 years ago, American college students unabashedly thought Turkish people were cruel, very religious, and treacherous (Katz & Braly, 1933). Like most students in her school, she believes that Carson Elementary School is the best school in town. b. physical attractiveness. We also want to know whether the members of the group are competent enough to act on their good or ill intentions. Raised in a society that places a premium on individual achievement and uniqueness, Americans seem to develop a tendency to focus on the characteristics of the individual in making attributions. Group-serving bias is the tendency to make more favorable attributions about our ingroups than our outgroups. People who score high on SDO believe that some groups are inherently better than others, and because of this, there is no such thing as group equality. At the same time, though, SDO is not just about being personally dominant and controlling of others; SDO describes a preferred arrangement of groups with some on top (preferably onesown group) and some on the bottom. Categories . Returning to an example from earlier, the homeowner high in SDO may dislike the outgroup member moving into her neighborhood because it threatens ones economic resources (e.g. In the context of psychology, this scenario illustrates ________. Just that morning, a court officer had confiscated a juror's copy of The New York Post with the case on the cover. Take the IAT. these group categories that he fits into are his _____., an ___ is a large amount of people that perceive themselves as different from/ apart from their ingroup and more. Social trap where 2 prisoners are separated and have to consider the impacts of cooperating with their partner or competing to get the first confession. A change in behavior following a demand from an authority figure. Two months before the 2018 midterms, President Trump had a 40% job approval rating. There are also lots of stereotypes regarding each race. the preference for order, clarity, and conventional values) and conservative beliefs. Examined the impact of obedience to authority with his controversial Shock experiment. B) the tendency to overestimate the impact of personal dispositions on another's behavior. The tendency to favor their ingroup develops quickly in young children, increasing up to about six years of age, and almost immediately begins to influence their behavior (Aboud, 2003; Aboud & Amato, 2001). Conserves physiological arousal and excitement. Fiske, S. T., Cuddy, A. J. C., & Glick, P. (2007). The dislike originates from each classs favoritism toward itself and the fact that only one group can play on the soccer field at a time. D) Relating to several _____ is the tendency to attribute one's own characteristics to other people. b. conformity Here, it is because this outgroup member brings in values or beliefs that the person high in RWA disagrees with, thus threatening the collective values of his or her group. lowering the value of ones house; fewer openings in the school; etc.). Hanna is a supervisor in the production unit of a textile company. Despite its name, though, RWA is not necessarily limited to people on the right (conservatives). Mr. Wong, a high school teacher, tells his class that he thinks boys tend to be less anxious and, thus, give better speeches than girls. Social dominance orientation (SDO) describes a belief that group hierarchies are inevitable in all societies and are even a good idea to maintain order and stability (Sidanius & Pratto, 1999). Peter Principle: The Peter Principle is an observation that the tendency in most organizational hierarchies , such as that of a corporation, is for every employee to rise in the hierarchy through . hide 31 types. . b. implicit prejudice. Representativeness Heuristic The tendency to make judgments about group membership based on physical appearances or the match between a person and one's stereotype of a group rather than on available base rate information. A specific case of comfort with the ingroup is called aversive racism, so-called because people do not like to admit their own racial biases to themselves or others (Dovidio & Gaertner, 2010). Influence (conforming) resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval. This comment is an example of: Describing positive behaviors by an ingroup member in terms of his or her general disposition, but describing the same behavior by an outgroup member as a specific, isolated act reflects: Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Timothy D. Wilson, iGCSE PE 10.1 Leisure and Recreation / The Gr. Which branch of psychology is most connected with the study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another, Attribution theory was designed to account for, Ksana insists that her boyfriends car accident resulted form his carelessness. 6. c. outgroup bias. Most people have a positive view of themselves. c. social facilitation. Mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive. Brewer, M. B., & Brown, R. J. Adjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard. Just ask yourself if youve ever been asked, What are you? This question is frequently asked to people about their ethnicity, national origin, gender identity, religion, and other group affiliations. They are Canadian, or fans of Manchester United, or are doctors. The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. Female 1: I have my ups and downs just like anybody else. Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. Similarly, Ecuador guarantees the fundamental right to sexual orientation and gender identity. The results of this study showed that the participants more often misperceived the object and mistakenly shot harmless targets who were Black. Highly dominating, highly authoritarian personalities. a. A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. a. groupthink bias b.ingroup bias c.outgroup bias d. intergroup bias According to current research of aggression, which of the following statements is. Aggression Word, C. O., Zanna, M. P., & Cooper, J. a. cognitive dissonance. People naturally create mental categories. Distinguish prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination. d. the blame-the-victim phenomenon. a. the bystander effect. does not simply mean taking pride in one's group; it also involves asserting the group's superiority over other groups. Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments, facts and respond with favorable thoughts. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes, adjusting ones behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard, influence resulting from a persons desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval, influence resulting from ones willingness to accept others opinions about reality, stronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others, the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable, the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity, the enhancement of a groups prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. For example, someone high in SDO would likely be upset if someone from an outgroup moved into her neighborhood. This behavior is best explained in terms of: Your textbook defines _____ as a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. This best illustrates, Social loafing referes to the tendency for people to, Exert less effort when they pool their efforts toward a common goal. D) the belief that victims of misfortune deserve their fate.

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