CAS [16] investigated workers who worked at a television transmitter station with a frequency ranging between 202 and 209MHz, 694701MHz, 750757MHz, or 774781MHz and at a medium-wave broadcasting station. 2009;63:10106. While microwave oven radiation doesn't cause cancer, it can cause painful burns if you're exposed to them. Microwave exposure impairs synaptic plasticity in the rat hippocampus and pc12 cells through over-activation of the nmda receptor signaling pathway. SAR Value There are guidelines internationally for short term exposure to cell phone frequency microwaves, defined in terms of the Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), the rate at which energy is absorbed by the human body when exposed to radio frequency radiation. Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. Additionally, Larjabaara et al. 2000;284:30017. Dasdag S, Bilgin H, Akdag M, Celik H, Aksen F. Effect of long term mobile phone exposure on oxidative-antioxidative processes and nitric oxide in rats. Instead, the effects of exposure of hu-mans and other life forms must be deter-mined and used to set realistic permissi-ble exposure limits. Additionally, the number of crossings was significantly lower at 3 d after microwave radiation. 2008;86:718. [58] exposed volunteers to microwaves at a frequency of 450MHz for 10 repeated intervals of 1min of irradiation and 1min off. [14] found that gliomas are not preferentially located in the parts of the brain with the highest exposure. Caubet R, Pedarros-Caubet F, Chu M, Freye E, de Belem RM, Moreau J, et al. Thus, in the early developmental stage, chronic exposure to 2.4W/kg GSM microwaves may influence dendritic development and the formation of excitatory synapses in cultures of hippocampal neurons. Resulting Effects on the Human Body. their effects on the human body are vastly different: - Non-ionizing Radiation Frequency range: 0.1 - 1013 Hz . Research continues on possible biological effects of exposure to RF/MW radiation from radios, cellular phones, the processing and cooking of foods, heat . A large number of studies have shown that microwave radiation can cause a series of adverse reactions in the central nervous system, including sleep disorders in addition to learning and memory impairments. Regarding the ultra-structure of the hippocampus, symptoms including neuronal atrophy, mitochondrial swelling, crest reduction and a disordered arrangement were observed, the rough endoplasmic reticulum exhibited cystic expansion, the number of synaptic vesicles decreased, and the synaptic cleft was widened (2.45GHz pulsed microwave field at an average power density of 1mW/cm2 for 3h/d for up to 30days [45] and an average power density of 2.5, 5, or 10mW/cm2 for 6min/d for up to 1month resulted in an average calculated SAR of 1.05, 2.1, and 4.2W/kg, respectively [46]). Article However, a recent report [3] published by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) noted that discussions about the thermal and non-thermal effects are misleading. 2.45 GHz Microwave Radiation Impairs Learning and Spatial Memory via Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress Induced p53-Dependent/Independent Hippocampal Apoptosis: Molecular Basis and Underlying Mechanism. Article Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 300MHz to 300GHz. For example, people who have used mobile phones for more than 10years have a clearly higher risk of brain tumors. Xiong et al. Article Abe M, Bonini NM. Google Scholar. Megha K, Deshmukh PS, Banerjee BD, Tripathi AK, Ahmed R, Abegaonkar MP. Zhang Y, Li Z, Gao Y. Regional changes in brain glucose metabolism reflect cognitive impairments in aged rats. Xu et al. 2013;34:58998. The transduction of a nerve impulse and the postsynaptic potential produced by it result in synaptic transmission. It has been suggested that there is an increased risk of glioma at the highest exposure levels, but biases and errors prevent causal interpretations of these data. Some studies have proposed that miRNAs play important roles in nerve regeneration, neurodegenerative diseases, and the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and schizophrenia [93,94,95]. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. This study concerns the effects of microwave on health because they pervade diverse fields of our lives. [38] exposed Wistar rats to a 2.856GHz pulsed microwave field for 6min. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. Cordless phone radiation effect flows in a human body same way in the mobile phone [13]. Microwaves can influence mitochondria by damaging their structure [45], reducing ATP levels and affecting the activity of relevant enzymes such as succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and cytochrome coxidase (COX) [119,120,121]. Int J Epidemiol. Occupational Medicine (London) 50.1 (January 2000):49-56. 2003;11:346. Neurobiol Learn Mem. Google Scholar. Neuroreport. The effects of microwaving a human body Lia Koltyrina/Shutterstock But there are parts of the human body that are more prone to "cooking" fast, such as the eyeballs and testes. Part of J Neuro. Wang et al. 2006;398:2537. Microwave Radiations and Its Effects on Human Health-A Review 2012;25:1828. The results indicated that radar microwave radiation leads to a decreased reaction time and lower short-term memory performance [18]. In 57% of military devices, Polish soldiers work in occupational protection zones. The potential mechanisms underlying these damaging effects range from gene expression alterations in the respiratory chain, membrane damage, Ca2+ overloading, and DNA impairment [122,123,124,125,126,127,128]. In addition, glucose is also related to cognitive functions, and reductions in the metabolism and uptake of glucose have been observed in local regions of the brain in Alzheimers patients [107, 108]. In 35% of cases, soldiers work in intermediate and hazardous zones and in 22%only in the intermediate zone. Digestive System: The unstable catabolism of microwaved foods alters their elemental food substances, causing disorders in the digestive system. Blood biochemical parameters of the radio-link station. 2004;25:4957. A resting eyes-closed electroencephalogram was used to continuously record the results, which showed that there was an increase in the power of the , 1 and 2 frequency bands in the 0.303W/kg group and in the 2 frequency bands in the 0.003W/kg group. 2004;155:3743. [61] found that after pregnant rats were irradiated with 9.417GHz microwaves, the behavior of their offspring differed, and the outcome was sex-dependent. Qiao S, Peng R, Yan H, Gao Y, Wang C, Wang S, et al. However, these effects were not observed in radial arm maze tests. [41] exposed rats to 2.45GHz microwaves (2 pulse width, 500 pps, and SAR 0.6W/kg) for 45min and found that microwave-induced behavioral alterations measured by Lai had more to do with factors related to performance bias than to spatial working memory. Microwaving Food Leads to a Negative Impact on Human Physiology & the Heart. [104] found that exposure to a 1.9GHz pulse-modulated RF field for 4h at 0.1, 1.0, and 10W/kg did not affect gene expression in U87MG glioblastoma cells. Statistically significant changes were detected in the EEG- bands of six individuals and in the 1 and 2 bands of four subjects in the higher SAR group. Symptoms included headache, paresthesia, diarrhea, malaise and lassitude. Exposure to microwaves and silencing p-synapsin I reduced the release of GABA, and maximum reduction was achieved when both were combined, indicating a synergistic effect. The strength of the electric field (rms value) at the sample position was 10V/m. The normal function of synaptic vesicles depends on the normal expression of related proteins. Google Scholar. Behav Brain Res. 2005;360:6577. Studies have also suggested that long-term exposure to 2.4GHz microwave radiation may lead to adverse effects, as observed in neurodegenerative diseases that originate from the altered expression of some miRNAs. Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. They summarized the characteristics and functions of hippocampus-related miRNAs following irradiation with microwaves, and these data laid a foundation that clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying microwave-induced injury to hippocampal learning and memory and suggested potential therapeutic targets. Lai H, Horita A, Guy AW. Is nuclear respiratory factor 2 a master transcriptional coordinator for all ten nuclear-encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunits in neurons? Mobile phone use facilitates memory in male, but not female, subjects. Cancer Res. Mobile phone use and risk of tumors: a meta-analysis. MicroRNAs in neuronal function and dysfunction. Neuroreport. as it have a harmful side. 1984;4:285665. Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, China, You can also search for this author in Human SH-SY5YNB cells were exposed to 2.1GHz W-CDMA modulated microwave radiation for 24h at a specific absorption rate of 0.491W/kg. Acetylcholine: cognitive and brain functions. Microwaves are widely used in broadcasting, communications and many industrial fields. Zhao L, Sun C, Xiong L, Yang Y, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. Lee TM, Ho SM, Tsang LY, Yang SY, Li LS, Chan CC. [97] found that long-term exposure to 900MHz radiation decreased the level of rno-miR107and that the whole body (rms) SAR value was 0.0369W/kg, bridging the gap in the interaction between radio frequency radiation (FR) and miRNAs. Cellular telephones and cancera nationwide cohort study in Denmark. Fragopoulou et al. J Med Food. Stahlhut Espinosa CE, Slack FJ. 2000;6:18793. Campisi A, Gulino M, Acquaviva R, Bellia P, Raciti G, Grasso R, et al. [1] used 10 freely moving rats in which carbon electrodes were implanted in the cortex and dorsomedial hypothalamus. More than 50% of miRNAs are found in cancer-associated regions of the genome or in fragile sites, suggesting that miRNAs also play important roles in the pathogenesis of neoplasias [96]. Cosquer B, Kuster N, Cassel JC. The authors found that 2.4GHz microwave radiation reduced the expression of some miRNAs such as miR-106b-5p and miR-107 [98]. 2010;39:67594. 1996;93:46938. Microwave Health Effects Acta Neurol Belg. Proliferation and apoptosis in a neuroblastoma cell line exposed to 900 MHz modulated radiofrequency field. Each Wi-Fi exposure and restraint occurred for 2h/d during gestation until parturition. [42] found similar results. California Privacy Statement, Surg Neurol. However, these experimental results remain to be supported in repeated experiments [40,41,42]. Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrm-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, Sommer HW, et al. Ning W, Chiang H, Yang W. Effects of GSM 1800 MHz on dendritic development of cultured hippocampal neurons. Myhrer T. Neurotransmitter systems involved in learning and memory in the rat: a meta-analysis based on studies of four behavioral tasks. Xu et al. Among radar workers exposed to 1418GHz microwaves, the somatic symposium anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and severe depression were caused [19]. This damage plays a key role in the structural and functional changes that are accelerated by neuronal degeneration. Lai et al. Edelstyn N, Oldershaw A. [84] and Sharma et al. The effects of microwave radiation on protein synthesis in brain remain undetermined. Zhang proposed that the sex-dependent relationship between microwaves and the behavior of offspring may be related to sex hormones, and female rats may be equivalently protected by reducing oxidative stress levels. Moreover, the risk of developing Alzheimers disease is 3040% lower in people who use a mobile phone for more than 10years than in other individuals [35]. Cordless phone in power levels very high and microwave frequency level also high. Cell Biochem Biophys. However, there is little scientific evidence to demonstrate that children are more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation than adults [24, 25]. 2011;343:5224. In a study investigating the influence of low-frequency microwave (450MHz) radiation on EEG, Hinrikus et al. Effect of microwave radiation on learning and memory. Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J, Karai D, Tuulik V. Effect of low frequency modulated microwave exposure on human EEG: individual sensitivity. Ongwijitwat S, Wong-Riley MT. Verma et al. Nature. The role of microRNAs in cancer. 2013;32:27380. 2002;64:31353. 2005;1042:1018. 2007;27:6024. The authors predicted the differential expression of genes associated with transcription, translation and receptor functions (in addition to brain-related and signaling pathway-related) using the iRDB, miRbase and miRanda databases. Neuroreport. In the group treated with 0.8W/kg, there was no significant change. Because the frequency of microwaves is sufficiently high that the energy is absorbed, the subsequent heating of tissue becomes its major mechanism, and most biochemical and physiological responses are temperature-dependent. Richter et al. Repeated exposure to low-level extremely low frequency-modulated microwaves affects cortex-hypothalamus interplay in freely moving rats: EEG study. The direct cause of the observed neuronal damage may have been apoptosis induced by the microwave radiation, and an indirect cause may have been an increase in permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which would allow the traversal of toxic substances that could cause damage. The biological effects of RF energy are proportional to the rate of ener-gy absorption, and the level of absorption varies little with fre-quency. The effects of hyperthermia and hyperthermia plus microwaves on rat brain energy metabolism. However, it concurrently also declared that the carcinogenic potential of mobile communications equipment was limited to glioma [4]. Int J Radiat Biol. Since mobile phones are used in positions very close to the human body and require a large Zhang et al. 1984;11:4760. Int J Radiat Biol. Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation. Schz J, Jacobsen R, Olsen JH, Boice JD, McLaughlin JK, Johansen C. Cellular telephone use and cancer risk: update of a nationwide Danish cohort. The relationship between NMDA receptors and microwave induced learning and memory impairment: a long term observation on Wistar rats.
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