content theories include all of the following theories except:flair disposable flavors

c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Workers also took the opportunity to clean lighting fixtures, change bulbs, and repair platform edges while performing high-intensity station cleaning. In the context of motivation, persistence refers to __________. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. a) achievement Those five human needs, in the order of prepotency in which they direct human behavior, are: Exhibit 14.5 A protester at an anti-war demonstration in Seattle held up this sign. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. c) sense of responsibility. Our needs for food and water are instinctive. That means giving them opportunities to learn new skills, to perform their jobs without interference, and to develop meaningful relationships with other customers and employees in other departments. Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct? Theory choice. One wonders if athletes like Tim Tebow are self-actualizing when they participate in multiple sporting endeavors at the professional level. b) instrumentality To master or make up for a failure by restriving. Which of the following statements accurately describes Herzberg's hygiene factors? c) achievement. c) Cells share similar chemical composition. integrative. d. The theory is unscientific. She enjoys feeling a sense of belonging. 56. When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. Maslows theory is still popular among practicing managers. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. c) Social, esteem, self-actualization, physiological, and safety That is, most people spend much of their lives developing self-esteem and the esteem of others. 2017. RBS boosts employee motivation and engagement through its CSR approach. employee benefits. So, when is this need good, and when is it bad? Employees high in nAff should be placed in jobs that require or allow interactions with other employees. Match leadership to the conditions at hand. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider. b) Esteem, safety, social, physiological, and self-actualization This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. Clearly one of the most influential motivation theories throughout the 1950s and 1960s was Frederick Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory.14 This theory is a further refinement of Maslows theory. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. Some people like to knit, others like to carve wood. Which of the following reflects concerns with expectancy theory? d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. He called the first set motivators (or growth needs). This makes nAch a personality trait as well as a statement about motivation. In expectancy theory, instrumentality is the probability that work effort will be followed by a given level of performance accomplishment. contingency contracting f. Therapies that strive to help clients understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). Self-determination theory (SDT) seeks to explain not only what causes motivation, but also how extrinsic rewards affect intrinsic motivation.17 In SDT, extrinsic motivation refers to the performance of an activity in order to attain some valued outcome, while intrinsic motivation refers to performing an activity for the inherent satisfaction of the activity itself. C. Cultivating sensitivity to self and others . 61. All of the following statements about the equity theory of motivation are correct EXCEPT: Content theories of motivation mainly focus on the physiological and psychological deficiencies that people feel a compulsion to reduce or eliminate. Term. Many companies are successfully motivating their staff, and working toward more sustainable practices, while improving lives directly. a) pay a) work itself. Instead, they prefer situations where the outcome is uncertain, but in which they believe they can succeed if they exert enough effort. To fight. Organizational behavior researchers, however, are not as enamored with it because research results dont support Maslows hierarchical notion. Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. Individual therapy meets the standard of best practices when it includes all of the following EXCEPT. On the other hand, there is some evidence that people satisfy the lower-order needs before they attempt to satisfy higher-order needs. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. 52. There are no higher levels in the pyramid, because self-actualization needs can never be fully satisfied. McClelland calls this the two faces of power.7 A personal power seeker endeavors to control others mostly for the sake of dominating them. The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. Busi 240 Liberty University Quiz 3BUSI 240 Quiz 2. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Other companies have made social responsibility an everyday part of what they do. In response, the two entrepreneurs launched a line of socks that not only reinvents the sock (they claim), but also helps those in need. b) Instrumentality Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. The cell membrane is composed. They recorded $97,440 in accounts receivable for the year and$288,550 in credit sales. Again, there are no easy answers. Operant Conditioning Theory Operant conditioning theory is the simplest of the motivation theories. c) People with a high need for affiliation like attention and recognition. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. b) ERG They want to know whether they have achieved or not. c) Little research has been conducted. Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. They simply dont exert as much effort in this area as high-nAff people do. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. social, esteem, and self-actualization. Do you study at Liberty University? Many organizations manage the achievement needs of their employees poorly. c) an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives d) Higher-order But he also believes that each need can be taught, especially nAch. But most of us dont steal. Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. a) MBO e) Physiological. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. d) affiliation factors The theory of evolution is one of the fundamental keystones of modern biological theory.. Could we detect that need from her current behavior? c) Two-factor theory According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job satisfaction EXCEPT: and you must attribute OpenStax. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? a) What may seem fair and equitable to a team leader might be perceived as unfair and inequitable by a team member after comparisons are made with other team members. To vindicate the ego. To make an impression. To avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death. c) affiliation c) hygiene factors Instead, create even more opportunities for employees to satisfy their needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. This need is the second of McClellands learned needs. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action As you would expect, high-nAff people are very sociable. Pattern B. Rhythmicity C. Dependency D. Open system Answer Key 3. e) The absence of motivator factors causes job dissatisfaction. The StackCommerce 2023 Travel Giveaway (the "Promotion") begins at 12:00:00 AM Pacific Time ("PT") on March 1st, 2023 and ends at 11:59:00 PM PT on March 31st, 2023 (the "Promotion Period"). ______________ is classified as a content theory. Want to cite, share, or modify this book? Since content theories suggest that motivation results from individual needs, managers should __________. c) When a person will react to specific management styles Refinements of Maslows theory in recent years reflect this more limited hierarchy.11 The self-assessment below will allow you to evaluate the strength of your five needs. Maslow's social needs tend to be more important in more collectivist societies like Mexico, thereby challenging the structured approach to the pyramid across cultures. Whatever their perspective, most people have a cause that they are passionate about. All of the following statements describe hygiene factors in the two-factor theory EXCEPT: In a management by objectives approach, the supervisor and subordinate jointly establish performance goals, individually act, and jointly evaluate results and recycle the MBO process. c) supervision. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. e) group instead of individual goals. They accept credit for success and blame for failure. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. d) Felt positive inequity a. losing one's family b. shame c. arrest d. losing a job, All of the . e.) Inducement. An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. These are expectations for Mintzberg's interpersonal role of ____. The second set of needs he termed hygienes. Hygienes relate to the work environment and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain. According to Herzberg, growth needs motivate us to perform well and, when these needs are met, lead to the experience of satisfaction. a) only one need may be activated at the same time a) ERG theory collapses Maslow's five need levels into two need categories. a. Launched in 2013, Bombas is the brain child of Randy Goldberg and David Heath. 47. a) Esteem, social, and safety Further, the evidence accumulated provided only partial support. b) Equity, reinforcers, and goals a) Motivator factors are related to job content. e) What work environment will suit an employee's personality better, b) How cognitive processes as thoughts and decisions within the minds of people influence their behavior, 62. d) Social and esteem c) affiliation Research indicates that general goals are much more motivational than specific goals. Sustainability should be tied to a higher purpose and foster a sense of unity not simply among employees, but even with competition at a societal level (Knowledge @ Wharton 2016). According to McClelland, Joanna has a high need for _____________. b) difficult goals frustrate workers d) improving hygiene factors will prevent people from being dissatisfied. They include such needs as the need for achievement, for love, and for affiliation (see Table 14.1).4. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. Previously, most organizations attended primarily to hygiene factors. d. Ken Wilbur. c) Safety, self-actualization, and social e) It is too culture bound. a) Existence Content theories tend to: emphasize the direction component of motivation All of the following are process theories of motivation EXCEPT: SDT The term operant conditioning is used to indicate that the learning process is based on the results produced by a person operating on the: environment b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. true. It reflects a motivation to influence and be responsible for other people. High need for achievement can also be important, but it sometimes results in too much concern for personal success and not enough for the employers success. For example, by providing adequate pay, safe working conditions, and cohesive work groups, employers help employees satisfy their lower-order needs. c) instrumentality Most counseling theories have been developed: a. in a scientific laboratory. benzodiazepines e. The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. Herzberg argued that there are two sets of needs, instead of the five sets theorized by Maslow. Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. Murray studied many different needs, but very few in any detail. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? token economy i. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. a. Champions for the effort must be found throughout the organization, not just at the top. The unconscious is extremely difficult to study. b) Hierarchy of needs theory consent of Rice University. According to this perspective, the manager's job is to identify what people need and then to make sure that the work environment becomes a means of satisfying these needs. To ask or answer general questions. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job dissatisfaction EXCEPT: A PURCHASE DOES NOT INCREASE YOUR CHANCES OF WINNING. To be seen and heard. Jobs that are best performed alone are more appropriate for low-nAff employees, who are less likely to be frustrated. A. Hierarchy-of-needs B.Two-factor motivation C. Achievement motivation D. Equit y The text focuses on three content theories that have received the greatest amount of attention: the hierarchy-of-needs theory, the two-factor motivation theory, and the achievement motivation theory. cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)b. It doesnt matter whether the information implies success or failure. Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism B) Utilitarianism C) Altruism D)Ethical egalitarianism Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 42 D Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Vickemz Terms in this set (42) Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism b With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. Companies benefit from reduced waste and increased employee engagement. Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. When extrinsic rewards are present, people do not feel like what they do builds competence, is self-determined, or enhances relationships with others. These factors are so frequently associated with dissatisfaction that Herzberg claims they never really provide satisfaction. c. mainly by accident. d) the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy behavioral. SDT researchers have consistently found that as the level of extrinsic rewards increases, the amount of intrinsic motivation decreases. The two main psychological developmental theories include continuous and discontinuous development. c) Motivator factors involve what people actually do in their jobs. Otherwise, a manager high in nPow may satisfy this need through acquisition of personal power, to the detriment of the organization. They avoid both simple and impossible situations. e) organizational justice, ___________ is the degree to which all people are treated the same under a policy. Herzberg also refers to these factors as dissatisfiers because they are frequently associated with dissatisfied employees. d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization But, once those esteem needs are satisfied, Maslow predicted that self-actualization needs would dominate. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which theory can be traced to the father of the classical school of criminology? According to his theory, people first direct their attention to satisfying their lower-order needs. b) Equity c) Expectancy c) Expectancy Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. b) The theory has been scientifically verified with methods other than the original. Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. d) all three needs may not be activated at the same time eclectic therapies d. Therapy in which the main goal is to change disordered or inappropriate behavior directly. But, if they have achievement needs, the job itself creates little motivation to perform. a) 23 SDT takes the concepts of extrinsic rewards and intrinsic motivation further than the other need theories. In this case, Alderfers third component, frustration regression, can cause us to shift our attention to a previously satisfied, more concrete, and verifiable need. A high-nPow person may try to convince others to do things that are detrimental to the organization. Theyre constantly trying to accomplish something. All of the following characteristics apply to the prokaryotes except A. Prep for a quiz or learn for fun!. We say these people have a high achievement motive. Social comparison is the basic foundation of which theory? 1999-2023, Rice University. e) ERG theory, Manny has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. Where would you place that on Maslows hierarchy of needs? c.) An individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. e) improving hygiene factors will make people satisfied with their work. The cell theory includes all of the following EXCEPT: a) All living things are composed of cells. Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. To draw near and enjoyably cooperate or reciprocate with an allied other (another who resembles the subject or who likes the subject). the consequences of an individual's behavior. are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written c) ERG theory contends that more than one need may be activated at a particular point in time, whereas Maslow's theory does not. d) People are less comfortable when they are under-rewarded than when they are over-rewarded. c) Goals are most likely to lead to higher performance when people have the abilities and the feelings of self-efficacy required to accomplish them. [2] In addition to individual differences in development, developmental psychologists generally agree that development occurs in an orderly way and in different areas simultaneously. Leadership theory classifications include all of the following EXCEPT: a. behavioral. b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards The implications of Maslows theory for organizational behavior are as much conceptual as they are practical. e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. 61. 6. c) Esteem Placing a company in a larger context and adding a second, higher purpose than the established company goals motivates employees to police the company itself to be a better global citizen. Maslow was a psychologist who, based on his early research with primates (monkeys), observations of patients, and discussions with employees in organizations, theorized that human needs are arranged hierarchically. Some jobs are by their very nature uninteresting and unlikely to be made interesting. An employee who is often talkative, gives orders, and argues a lot is motivated by the need for power over others. Therefore, the more we satisfy our growth need, the more important it becomes and the more strongly we are motivated to satisfy it. The need for achievement (nAch) is how much people are motivated to excel at the tasks they are performing, especially tasks that are difficult. 50. Which of the following is classified as a content theory? a) Acquired needs theory According to self-determination theory, skilled workers who are given a chance to hone their skills and the freedom to practice their craft will be intrinsically motivated. 57. Which of the following statements is true with regards to the research on Maslow's needs hierarchy? c. He relied on correlational methods. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. According to the company website, Bombas exists to help solve this problem, to support the homeless community, and to bring awareness to an under-publicized problem in the United States (n.p.). In contrast, he can exert a lot of effort and still not catch a fish. d.) self-actualization In McClelland's motivation theory, the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power are developed over time, as a result of life experiences. d. A disaster may have a known and gradual onset Disasters frequently result in all of the following EXCEPT a. c) Existence, relatedness, and growth The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. b) goal-oriented punishments. a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. The individual level does not impact the group level. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. To put things in order. According to Bhattacharya, a company needs to first define what it does and its long-term purpose, and then reconcile its sustainability goals with its economic goals. Organizations have held this out as a chief motivator for decades!) e.) ERG, According to equity theory, __________ exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively less than others have received in proportion to work inputs. Hygiene factors are not directly related to the work itself (job content). b.) High social power seekers are concerned with goals that a work group has set for itself, and they are motivated to influence others to achieve the goal. If the dollar decreases in value in That is, before one type of need can manifest itself, other needs must be satisfied. On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. The third of McClellands learned needs, the need for power (nPow), is the need to control things, especially other people. Even if the virtues in different cultural contexts have the same name, like "honesty" or "justice," they may well be different in their essential content. (After all, doesnt everyone want to be paid well? Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. Management theories include methods and practices that companies follow to manage their employees and maintain good employee relations effectively. d. through the insights of clinicians d Transpersonal psychology's founders include all of the following except: a. Abraham Maslow b. John Krumboltz c. Stanislav Grof. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. d) Existence, relatedness, and goals e. Carl Jung. an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. Do you think social responsibility to promote sustainable practices? d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. Which of the following is a limitation of Herzberg's two-factor theory? 55. b.) a) Motivation = expectancy X instrumentality X valence b) Stajkovic, Locke, and Blair They constantly ask how they are doing, sometimes to the point of being a nuisance. If you are redistributing all or part of this book in a print format, The need for affiliation contributes to managerial success only in those situations where the maintenance of warm group relations is as important as getting others to work toward group goals. The diversity of the living world is staggering. e) inducements, According to expectancy theory, managers can influence workers' __________ by selecting people with proper abilities, training them well, providing them the needed resources, and identifying clear performance goals. b) Task feedback, or knowledge of results, is likely to motivate people toward higher performance by encouraging the setting of higher performance goals. c) It can vary across cultures. The Promotion contains a game of chance . b) instrumentalities SDT theory has interesting implications for the management of organizational behavior. d) It holds that people try to resolve the inequities they perceive they are experiencing. To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. SDT would suggest that the primary way to motivate high performance for such jobs is to make performance contingent on extrinsic rewards. a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs [3] [page needed] Stage theories [ edit] The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo Content theories are also sometimes called needs theories. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth. Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. To snub or jilt an object. http://www.businessinsider.com/bombas-athletic-sock-review-2017-1. We are not born with a high (or low) need for achievementwe learn to need success (or failure). b) 25 When these needs are met, we experience satisfaction. Creative Commons Attribution License Thus, an employee can be dissatisfied with low pay. To take precautionary measures. (Points : 1) the length of time a person sticks with a given action. Job context factors include all of the following except. A disaster may be caused by nature or have human origins c. A disaster always receives widespread media coverage. The degree to which the rules and procedures specified by policies are properly followed in all cases to which they are applied is known as __________. They actively seek out performance feedback. You may have noticed that content theories are somewhat quiet about what determines the intensity of motivation. We will always satisfy our need for water before we satisfy our social needs; water needs have prepotency over social needs. If not, Murray calls this a latent need. c) job enrichment When theyre present in sufficient quantities, we avoid dissatisfaction, but they do not contribute to satisfaction. Job enrichment is one effective strategy; this frequently entails training and rotating employees through different jobs, or adding new challenges. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. High-nAff people like to be around other people, including other people at work. b) sense of achievement. b) ERG theory includes a frustration-digression component, but Maslow's theory does not. In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. Exhibit 14.6 shows how Maslows theory relates to factors that organizations can influence. D) a constant intensity. As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. Unilever employees more than 170,000 workers globally and has an employ engagement level around 80 percent. a.) To conceal or justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. b) the five need levels may vary according to a person's career stage, the size of the organization, or geographical location. c) procedural justice The ecological systems perspective includes all of the following except: a) it evolved from family systems theoriesb) it is considered a traditional helping approach c) it is multi-contextual d) individual and system factors must be considered in understanding a helpee's problem* (pages 158-160)17.

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