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A small beard protrudes from the lower jaw, and similar hairlike incisions begin at the hairline and terminate in an overlapping pattern that might suggest a combination of hair and feathers. To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. Baby-face figurines. Postman's Hat. Imagine a manstanding before a large fire wearingtheheavy eagle mask shown aboveand a long cedar bark costume on his body. stone This beautiful transformation mask was designed, shaped, carved and painted by a master artist. Prior to contact with Russians, Europeans, and Euro-Americans, masks like the Brooklyn Museumss Thunderbird Transformation Mask, were not carved using metal tools. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Pacific Northwest Coast Carved Eagle Cedar Feather & Base by Thomas Jones at the best online prices at eBay! Magaloni Kerpel, Diana, and Laura Filloy Nadal La Ofrende 4 de La Venta: un tesoro olmeca reunido en el Museo Nacional de Antropologa. When the cords are pulled, the eagles face and beak split down the center, and the bottom of the beak opensdownwards, giving the impression of a bird spreading its wings (see image below). On the forehead are two bald eagle heads facing each other and the eyes and cheeks of the human face are already transforming into wings. Reilly, Frank Kent, III The Shaman in Transformation Pose: A Study of the Theme of Rulership in Olmec Art. A transformation mask, also known as an opening mask, is a type of mask used by indigenous people of the Northwest Coast and Alaska in ritual dances. Question 4 1 / 1 pts The Kwakiutl late nineteenth-century . eagle transformation mask medium. Bear Beaver . 164. The Kanga Mask represents "the ceremonies designed to . Eagles. /Height 155 buffalo hide The impressive whale masks of the Kwakwaka'wakw peoples are grand constructions in which the mouth, fins, and tail of a sea mammal are made to move in imitation of a whale swimming. EAGLE FEATHER GALLERY. 164. %PDF-1.4 Kwakwakawakw artist, Whale Transformation Mask, 19th c. (from Alert Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada), cedar wood, cord, metal, leather, denim, pigments, 58 x 36.5 x 161.3 cm (Metropolitan Museum of Art, NYC). Michelet, Dominique, Cora Falero Ruiz, and Steve Bourget Les Olmeques et les cultures du golfe du Mexique. . Correct! Wood. Painting & Mixed Media. During a potlatch, Kwakwakawakw dancers perform wearing the maskand costume. ;o/O:lj4yODE) {]1Sp\1Tmq$'>4_s?5tNsq.SE_#IP|7ctMc(pQm7a#A?918[_ qf Rr~ xgm8[36y8oX0uR!fP. With the transformation of tonality that took place at the close of the . Culture: Kwakwaka wakw The avian attributes on the head could be interpreted as a complex mask-and-headdress assemblage worn on a human performer, or as the fusion of a human and raptor as part of a spiritual narrative about transformation. Northwest Coast Indian Art. 827 West 3rd StreetNorth Vancouver, British ColumbiaV7P 3K7 Canada, 2023 Canadian Indigenous Art Inc. Website by Technigraphics. The open mask from the American Museum of Natural History, for example, displays bright red, yellow, and blue. Wolzard, deciding to kick things up a notch, summoned his steed, the Dark Horse Barikion." AkaRed said as footage of Wolzard summoning said horse played. Museo Nacional de Antropologa, Mxico City, 1989, pp. January 18, 2013-November 10, 2019. /Type /XObject , Cite this page as: Dr. Lauren Kilroy-Ewbank, "Transformation masks," in, Reframing Art History, a new kind of textbook, Guide to AP Art History vol. There are a total of 24 masks in the game. White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla. Relationship to the topic: I feel that every day of my life, theres Regular price $350.00. San Francisco: Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, 2010. Yil Xeenh (Raven Screen) (detail). A) KwakiutlB) British ColumbiaC) late nineteenth centuryD) wood, feathers, and ropeE) all of the other answers. Reaching to his bookshelf, he pulled Robert Bruce Inverarity's 1950 book, Art of the Northwest Coast Indians, (6) off the shelf, and flipping through the illustrations he found the source for the Seahawks logo: a Kwakwaka'wakw transformation mask depicting an eagle (in its closed form) with a human face inside (revealed when the mask opens . They are . ), Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1999, pp. 2021-22, Lab 1-Chemistry and Measurement-Lab Report, Fundamentals-of-nursing-lecture-Notes-PDF, Week 1 short reply - question 6 If you had to write a paper on Title IX, what would you like to know more about? Get directions. All Rights Reserved. ;N===9i Wz 5~'\s}14|#fR>lw +En^+N 9! Test Image. More like this . %&'()*456789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Closed, it represents a crow or an eagle; when spread out, a human face appears. Pitch Woman Mask. Ancestral entities and supernatural forces temporarily embody dancers wearing these masks and other ceremonial regalia. Transformation Mask, British Columbia, Canada, Kwakiutl population, Wood paint, graphite, Cedar, cloth, string, 34 X 53 cm (closed), 130 cm (open) (Quai Branly Museum). Transformation Mask, British Columbia, Canada, Kwakiutl population, Wood paint, graphite, Cedar, cloth, string, 34 X 53 cm (closed), 130 cm (open) (Quai Branly Museum). Maybe they were just reading the available anthropological literature: Because of their mythology. Thunderbird Transformation Mask, 19th century. Eagle transformation mask medium Home > Northwest Coast > Masks > Eagle Transformation Mask Description Additional Information Artist Bio Red Cedar wood, Cedar rope, Acrylic paint Dimensions 21 x 33 x 9" Product Number I-50105 Artist Tim Paul RCA Nation Nuu-chah-nulth Nation Description Nuu-chah-nulth Nation Tim Paul was born in 1950 in the . Franz Boas, an anthropologist who worked in this area between 1885 and 1930, noted that The acquisition of a high position and the maintenance of its dignity require correct marriages and wealthwealth accumulated by industry and by loaning out property at interestdissipated at the proper time, albeit with the understanding that each recipient of a gift has to return it with interest at a time when he is dissipating his wealth. The clans are divided into numayn (or namina), which can be loosely translated as group of fellows of the same kind (essentially groups that shared a common ancestor). Date: 18th Century $19.95 shipping. Questions and Answers for [Solved] The medium of the Eagle Transformation Mask (3.4.22)is: A) Kwakiutl B) British Columbia C) late nineteenth century D) wood, feathers, and rope E) all of the other answers. Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Explore our library and get Art History Homework Help with various study sets and a huge amount of quizzes and questions, Find all the solutions to your textbooks, reveal answers you wouldt find elsewhere, Scan any paper and upload it to find exam solutions and many more, Studying is made a lot easier and more fun with our online flashcards, Try out our new practice tests completely, 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Art of the Northwest Coast. Eagle Transformation Mask 3 0 obj Grove, David C. Olmec: Whats in a Name? Thesemasks use elements of the formline style, a term coinedin 1965 to describe the characteristics of Northwest Coast visual culture. CanadARThistories by Alena Buis; Devon Smither; Elizabeth Anne Cavaliere; Jen Kennedy; Johanna Amos; and Sarah E.K. Medium. Hebegins to dance, the firelight flickersand the feathers rustleas hemoves about the room in front of hundreds of people. Direct link to Astua, Janelle; 200813821's post Masks like the one create, Posted 3 years ago. 385403. 2 (Fall, 1995), The Michael C. Rockefeller Wing at The Met. embroidered wool 7) and more. discriminations because of my differences. Potlatches are still practiced today among Northwest Coast peoples. Medium: Red cedar wood "Nice way to heat things up!" Casey joked, to which everyone laughed in agreement. 20002023 The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Reimagining the Canadian Art History Survey, Every Building on 100 West Hastings (2001), Llot 100 de la rue West Hastings (2001), Ice Shove, Commissioner Street, Montreal (1884), Dbcle, rue des Commissaires, Montral (1884), Indians of Canada Pavilion, Expo 67 (1967), The Provincial Lunatic Asylum (Centre for Addiction and Mental Health), Toronto (1850), Stanrock Tailings Wall, Elliot Lake, Ontario (1985), The World Famous Gopher Hole Museum, Torrington, Alberta (1996), Le clbre muse du Gopher Hole, Torrington, Alberta (1996), Across Time and Space, Two Children of Toronto Meet (2013). Masks take months, sometimes years, to create. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 1978. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006. Life, Death, and Transformation in the Americas presents over one hundred masterpieces from our permanent Arts of the Americas collection, exemplifying the concept of transformation as part of the spiritual beliefs and practice of the region's indigenous peoples, past and present. Direct link to Elizabeth655's post what is the meaning or si, Posted 3 years ago. But this is just a legend among others did they use the masks for anything else? The medium of the Eagle Transformation Mask (3.4.23) is: wood, feathers, and rope. Golden Asteroid," "Moon Marooned," "Heroes of the Road," and "Luna's Moon Attack," Newton joins a fist bump with the PJ Masks before the transformation sequence. The Kwakwakawakw (Kwakwala speaking tribes) are generally called Kwakiutl by non-Native peoples. With the introduction and enforcement of Christianity and as a result of colonization in the nineteenth century, masking practices changed among peoples of the Northwest Coast. The avian attributes on the head could be interpreted as a complex mask-and-headdress assemblage worn on a human performer, or as the fusion of a human and raptor as part of a spiritual narrative about transformation. If you have comments or questions about this object record, please complete and submit this form. (78.7 x 114.3 x 119.4 cm). 1 2 . Mexico City: Editorial Patria, 1989. For instance, The Brooklyn Museum mask (when open) displays a color palette of mostly red, blue-green, and black, which is consistent with other formline objects like a Tlingit Raven Screen (a house partition screen) attributed to Kadyisdu.axch (detail below). /Width 625 to make sure that were okay and guiding us to become independent and intelligent adults. "The Czar of All the Russias", Harper's Weekly (11 March 1905) As noted above, the slow death of the Russian Empire was a persistent themes in American cartoons depicting the state. The Museum looks forward to receiving your comments. Miniature Fire Chief Mask by Stan Matilpi, Kwakwaka'wakw. JFIF K K C When one wearing a mask considers herself to be a different person or character, the mask has transformed her. Medium size . "This transformation mask opens into two sections. Title: Eagle Transformation Mask Artist: Unknown Culture: Kwakwaka' wakw Date: 19th Century Medium: Red cedar wood Content: embody the act of transforming Relationship to the topic: I learned to accepted and embrace the beauty and ugliness of my own transforming of becoming an adult . Raven, for instance, is known as a consummate tricksterhe often changes into other creatures, and helpshumans by providing them with a variety of usefulthings such asthe sun, moon, fire, and salmon. Humanlike ears contain tiny drilled holes which may have supported adornments. Photography. Late 19th century C.E. Totem Treasure Box by . << << These maskswere only one part of a costume that also included a cloak made of red cedar bark. North America: The Eagle Transformation Mask. During these ceremonies, both religious and theatrical, the spirit of the ancestors was supposed to enter into men. Transformation masks, like those belonging to the Kwakwakawakw (pronounced Kwak-wak-ah-wak, a Pacific Northwest Coast indigenous people) and illustrated here, are worn during a potlatch, a ceremony where the host displayed his status, in part by giving away gifts to those in attendance. Regular price. The Eagle Transformation Mask of the Kwakiuti Native Americans "showed the deep, inner reality of the wearer, who used the strings to open and close the mask, giving the impression he was transforming into an animal.". Taking inspiration from masks crafted by the First Nations culture, Emma will show you how to create a fun, animated elephant mask using materials from aroun. Privileging the Past: Reconstructing History in Northwest Coast Art. Smith, Next: The World Famous Gopher Hole Museum, Torrington, Alberta (1996), Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. The masks illustrated here display a variety of brightly colored surfaces filled with complex forms. Themes of life, death . /Creator ( w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 2004. Now, imagine him pullingthe string that opens the mask, he is transformedinto something else entirelywhat a powerful and dramatic moment! Direct link to MadelynCHarmon's post how come they call them t, Posted 4 years ago. (26.7 104.1 12.7 cm), Northwest Area Foundation Commemorative Totem. On the forehead are two bald eagle heads facing each other and the eyes and cheeks of the human face are already transforming into wings. All Rights Reserved. Medium: Albitite, cinnabar. how to measure bathtub soaking depth. American Museum of Natural History, New York. The "baby-face" figurine is a unique marker of Olmec culture, consistently found in sites that show Olmec influence, although they seem to be confined to the early Olmec period and are largely absent, for example, in La Venta.These ceramic figurines are easily recognized by the chubby body, the baby-like jowly face, downturned mouth, and the puffy slit-like eyes. In the ancient times, a spirit gave to a human the mask of the thunder bird, telling him he will send other spirits on earth and the human should make other masks to represent them. Title: Ge Zhichuan Moving his Dwelling Vancouver and Seattle: Douglas & McIntyre and University of Washington Press, 1998. . /ca 1.0 The American Museum of Natural History and Brooklyn Museum masks are carved of red cedar wood, an important and common material used for many Northwest Coast objects and buildings. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1971. Rogers Fund, 1994, Accession Number: Kwakwaka'wakw Eagle Mask from Alert Bay, British Columbia (Image Source Khan Academy) The making of Hamatsa transformation masks can take months or even years and makes use of red cedar wood, which is a common material in Northwest art and architecture. Albitite, cinnabar, Dimensions: The mythology and cosmology of different Kwakwakawakw Nations (such as the Kwagu (Kwakiutl) or Namgis) is extremely diverse, althoughthere are commonalities. Drawing. Artist: Kaigetsudo Dohan Princeton: The Art Museum, Princeton University, 1996. Transformation masks, like those belonging to the Kwakwakawakw (pronounced Kwak-wak-ah-wak, a Pacific Northwest Coast indigenous people) and illustrated here, areworn during a potlatch,a ceremony where the host displayed his status, in part by giving away gifts to those in attendance. Holm, Bill. Franz Boas, Kwakiutl Ethnography (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1966), 51. 8 . Eagle Transformation Mask After iron tools were introduced along with other materials and equipment, masks demonstrate different carving techniques. Alena Buis; Devon Smither; Elizabeth Anne Cavaliere; Jen Kennedy; Johanna Amos; and Sarah E.K. 10th-6th century BCE . Download and share clipart about Mascot Zabivaka's Magnificent Transformation - Cartoon, Find more high quality free transparent png clipart images on ClipartMax! He is believed to cause thunder when he beats his wings, andlightning comes from his eyes. The mythology and cosmology of different Kwakwakawakw Nations (such as the Kwagu (Kwakiutl) or Namgis) is extremely diverse, althoughthere are commonalities. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The Kwakiutl late nineteenth-century Eagle Transformation Mask (3.4.22) was opened and closed during performances to _____., The Great Stupa _____., The Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy, is from this period. For instance, The Brooklyn Museum mask (when open) displays a color palette of mostly red, blue-green, and black, which is consistent with other formline objects like a Tlingit Raven Screen (a house partition screen) attributed to Kadyisdu.axch (detail below). 2020-2023 Quizplus LLC. Alert Bay. Northwest Coast. stone Northwest coast First Nation hand carved cedar YAGIS Mask Indigenous art. The Kwakwakawakw (Kwakwala speaking tribes) are generally called Kwakiutl by non-Native peoples. (ed.) All Mediums. Wear a mask, wash your hands, stay safe. Paris: Skira, 2020. ed.). A) Lucy Telles B) Julia Parker C) Willie Seaweed D) Marion Stirling E) The artist's name . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. Easby, Elizabeth Kennedy, and John F. Scott Before Corts: Sculpture of Middle America. Smith is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. Throughout the ancient Americas, leaders commissioned works to harness the predatory power of flying creatures. A dancer would pull the strings at the appropriate moment to . completely open: 10 1/2 41 5 in. what is the meaning or significance of the masks? endobj 46-49. For instance, many groups relate that deceased ancestors roamed the world, transforming themselves in the process (this might entail removing their animal skins or masks to reveal their human selves within). 8-14. H. 4 1/2 W. 1 5/8 D. 1 1/2 in. [ Choose Among the most elaborate masks were those used by the the Winter Ccmony that initiated members into the shamanistic soczcty. gold Avian figures feature prominently in Olmec art at small and large scale, such as the cave paintings found at Oxtotitlan, Guerrero, Mexico, that depict a ruler in full birdlike regalia. Closed, it represents a crow or an eagle; when spread out, a human face appears. The dance re-enacted the taming of a cannibal spirit, and this three attendant bird spirits. Transformed, the mask reveals the face of an ancestor. In the Eagle mask shown above from the collection of the American Museum of Natural History, you can see the wooden frame and netting that held the mask on the dancers head. Kwakwakawakw bands are arranged into four clans (Killer Whale, Eagle, Raven, and Wolf clans). Thunderbird (Kwankwanxwalige), who was a mythical ancestor of the Kwakwakawakw, also figures prominently in mythology. Transformed, the mask reveals the face of an ancestor. 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. The masks, whether opened or closed, are bilaterally symmetrical. Large Pacific Northwest Coast Haida Carved Argillite Transformation Killer Whale. Free shipping on many items | Browse your favorite brands . Direct link to David Alexander's post When one wearing a mask c. Kwakwakawakw bands are arranged into four clans (Killer Whale, Eagle, Raven, and Wolf clans). NT. Brooklyn Museum, Museum Expedition 1908, Museum Collection Fund, 08.491.8902. Kehoe, Alice B. The mouth opens and closes, the tail moves upwards and downwards, and the flippers extend outwards but also retract inwards. Ultimately, the string trio was superseded by the string quartet, the most important medium for Classical chamber music.27 . Kwakiutl Ethnography from theMilwaukee Public Museum, Repatriation of a British Museum mask (UNESCO), Whale Transformation Mask at The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The use of organic materials such as wood, rope, and feathers means that these masks . Match the object with the medium/media used to create it. . LC. Cartoon is one of the clipart about eagle mascot clipart,bear mascot clipart,bulldog mascot clipart. 6 0 obj STRANGE ART GALLERY. Clark, John E., and Michael Blake El origen de la civilizacin en Mesoamrica: Los Olmecas y Mokaya del Soconusco de Chiapas, Mexico. The masks conveyedsocial position (only those with a certain status could wear them)and also helped to portray a familys genealogy by displaying(family) crestsymbols. Now you can truly own all of Shakespeare's works and a wealth of BONUS material on your eReader, and all in ONE well-organised file. Direct link to Zhao Jimmy's post how can a mask transforme, Posted 3 years ago. Malin, Edward. Closed, it represents a crow or an eagle; when spread out, a human face appears. /Type /ExtGState Olmec: Colossal Masterworks of Ancient Mexico. This ovoid shape, along with s- and u-forms, are commonfeatures of the formline style. metamorphosis. /Length 7 0 R Many myths relate moments of transformation often involving trickster supernaturals (a trickster is a god, goddess, spirit, man, woman, or anthropomorphic animal who exhibits a great degree of intellect or secret knowledge and uses it to play tricks or otherwise disobey normal rules and conventional behavior). Why were mirrors used as a form of protest to the Dakota Access . Northwest Coast transformation masksmanifest transformation, usually an animal changing into a mythical being or one animal becoming another. These masks usually depict an outer, animal visage, which the performer can open by pulling a string to reveal an inner human face carved in wood to symbolize the wearer moving from the natural world to a supernatural realm. Medium: Hanging Scroll; ink and color on paper 6: Transformation Mask, Kwakiutl population, British Columbia, Canada, wood paint, graphite, cedar, cloth, string, 34 X 53 cm closed, 130 cm open (Quai Branly Museum). Masks take months, sometimes years, to create. Masks are worn by dancers during ceremonies, they pull strings to open and move the maskin effect, animating it. C q" 1960s. The Met's collection of art of the peoples of sub-Saharan Africa, the Pacific Islands, and North, Central, and South America comprises more than eleven thousand works of art of varied materials and types, representing diverse cultural traditions from as early as 3000 B.C.E. best towns to live in saskatchewan / smallwood tv show premiere date / smallwood tv show premiere date 225 followers. Miniature Transformation Mask Pendant, 1990 by Joe Peters Jr., Kwakwaka'wakw . Late 19th century ce. With Romeo, Robot . The biggest database of online academic Questions & Answers is in your hands! to love inner beauty as an adult, Content: Nobleness, Compassion, and Sacrifice. , Haisla. Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus. ] Medium, scale: Mineral and vegetable pigments on deerskin; 10 5/8 x 10 3/8; Description, subject & stylistic features: The codex shows two richly attired and vividly gesticulating gods rendered predominantly in reds and yellows with black outlines. Moche Earspool Franz Boas, an anthropologist who worked in this area between 1885 and 1930, noted that The acquisition of a high position and the maintenance of its dignity require correct marriages and wealthwealth accumulated by industry and by loaning out property at interestdissipated at the proper time, albeit with the understanding that each recipient of a gift has to return it with interest at a time when he is dissipating his wealth. A Transformation Mask at the Brooklyn Museum (below) shows a Thunderbird, but when opened it reveals a human face flanked on either side by two lightning snakes called sisiutl, and with another bird below it and a small figure in black above it. Ostrowitz, Judith. Transformation Mask, British Columbia, Canada, Kwakiutl population, Wood paint, graphite, Cedar, cloth, string, 34 X 53 cm (closed), 130 cm (open) (Quai Branly Museum). Very beautiful! [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] Grey-headed Fish-eagle Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus. (26.7 20.3 43.2 cm) Thesemasks use elements of the formline style, a term coinedin 1965 to describe the characteristics of Northwest Coast visual culture. This clipart image is transparent backgroud and PNG format. EAGLE FEATHER GALLERY. Mexico City: Instituto Nacional de Antropologa e Historia, 2013. Direct link to Solene Wagen's post Because of their mytholog, Posted 5 years ago. and ugliness of my own transforming of becoming an adult, Title: Beautiful Woman You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. Cyphers Guilln, Ann From Stone to Symbols: Olmec Art in Social Context at San Lorenzo Tenochtitln. Lesser Fish-eagle Ichthyophaga humilis. With the prohibition of potlatches, many masks were confiscated. Mexico, Mesoamerica, Medium: << Russell Tate. Studies in Pre-Columbian Art and Archaeology 7. Transformation mask Kwakwaka'wakw. Relationship to the topic: As an Autistic African American Woman, I sometimes face occasional Eagle Clan Panel by Brad Starr, Haisla . Date: 1360 Very beautiful! High School, I struggled with low self-esteem and body image Masks areworn by dancers duringceremonies, they pullstrings to open and move the maskin effect, animating it. carved and painted wooden masks. The Brooklyn Museum mask provides a clear example of what constitutes the formline style. This essay was previously published on Smarthistory. Such masks manifest the transformation of an animal changing into a mythical being, an ancestor, and/or another animal. Such figures with protruding chests and arms bent at the elbow, drawn up close to the body, have been interpreted as human figures with non-standard bodies as a result of skeletal dysplasia. Culture: China November 7, 2016. >> /Producer ( Q t 4 . LC. In the Eagle mask shown above fromthe collection of the American Museum of Natural History, you can see the wooden frame and netting that held the mask on the dancers head. In the whale's . Kwakwaka'wakw artist, Eagle Mask closed, late 19th c., from Alert Bay, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada, cedar wood, feathers, sinew, cord, bird skin, hide, plant fibers, cotton, iron, pigments, 37 x 57 x 49 cm (American Museum of Natural History) By Dr. Lauren Kilroy . When presented wide open it reveals a human face, but when the four side pieces are closed it forms the head of an eagle (note the large down-curving beak). Berrin, Kathleen, and Virginia M. Fields, eds. Artwork Medium. The American Museum of Natural History and Brooklyn Museum masks are carved of red cedar wood, an important and common material used for many Northwest Coast objects and buildings.

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