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Both basestock types have low volatility and high fire points (when stabilized) for a given viscosity grade. 0000033764 00000 n One key advantage PAOs have over mineral oils is a greater ability to dissipate heat. These products are acceptable for use as a lubricant (H1) or as a lubricant component (HX-1), with incidental food contact in and around food processing areas. However, Synfluid PAOs can be formulated to be biodegradable and are well known for standing out from conventional base oils. These excellent pour points are achieved while increasing the viscosity indices (VI) over traditional HV PAO. A drop-in replacement for petroleum, it's used in countless applications in many industries. Adobe PDF Library 10.0.1 CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART. PAO-based lubricants offer a significant advantage in oxidative stability. In contrast, the Synfluid PAO formulation achieves a pass with as little as 30 percent PAO, the balance being Group I mineral oil. 0000036915 00000 n Polyalphaolefin (PAO) fluids are the most common major synthetic base oil used in industrial and automotive lubricants. Aluminum is compatible with fluids such as polyalphaolefin (PAO), oil, ethylene glycol and water solutions (EGW), as well as Fluorinert, an electrically insulating inert perfluorocarbon fluid manufactured by 3M and used in many electronics cooling applications. / Chevron Phillips Chemical offers two lines of PAOs. Some specifications have a low-temperature MRV requirement. Synfluid PAOs are qualified as technical white oils (per 21 CFR 178.3620(b)(1)) due to their clear, bright color and exceptional UV properties. This is a recurring situation and is what led to the development of 1-dodecene based Synfluid PAOs in 1995. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 164 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> <> Absolutely! Although PAOs are not considered biobased themselves, in a blend they contribute certain performance benefits. Give us a call to discuss how Synfluid PAOs can withstand the pressure in your hydraulic applications. Whether its transportation or industrial lubes, greater fuel efficiency means lower operating costs. Polyolefins, including poly (ethylene), poly (-olefin), poly (styrene), and poly (dienes), are the most widely-used polymer materials. 0000001605 00000 n All rights reserved. H}vUwUw^MwS`y{vV|&s@@9H"61O}/oi~3}\y{)2| U:iY?_/}|(P^@m`kbu_?>sG-rj?~-r[?wp_2W,)!BkBkB*.]Y""ZBmSB&,zB}B+!B]}u}>gSSS More importantly, however, was product performance. 0000055257 00000 n Low-viscosity PAO fluids are used in automotive applications, such as engine oil and gear lubricants. Air is usually a really poor lubricant, so your frustration is understandable! 10.1 Introduction. 3 !1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdEt6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw ; !1AQaq"2B#R3$brCScs4%&5DTdEU6teuFVfv'7GWgw ? But wait, it gets even better! Synfluid PAOs are already known for their excellent low-temperature and oxidative stability properties. 0000000549 00000 n This is one clear benefit of using a carefully designed base oil. In the chart below, we highlight how moving from a decene-based Synfluid PAO 6 to an iso-viscous dodecene-based fluid (resulting from a blend of PAO 5 and PAO 7) leads to a dramatic increase in VI. Polyalphaolefins (PAO)-60 to 125 C Stable, lubricious fluids compatible with most plastics and elastomers. 0000013783 00000 n 0000000776 00000 n PAO-based lubricants have good viscosity indices superior to lubricants based on Group I, II, and III basestocks of similar viscosity (without the addition of a viscosity improver). If a polyurea-based thickener is chosen in conjunction with a synthetic base oil, such as a polyalphaolefin (PAO), there is no compatibility risk to be expected. To correctly identify what type of fluid is needed, the end-user must know the minimum lubricant requirements for that piece of equipment. 0000080859 00000 n Low-viscosity Synfluid PAOs are both NSF H1 and HX-1 registered. A grease formulated with Synfluid PAO and OMGs Calciplex grease precursor could yield a multipurpose product, which allows for consolidation of your grease inventory. @0NI$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$'I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$L$I$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$IJI$RI$I%)ekvEJX'I$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJL'I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI2tI%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RI$I%)$IJI$RID4>))I$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I$JRI$I$$I)I*4V~u. 0000002226 00000 n PAOs are Newtonian fluids; in other words, their viscosities are fairly independent of shear rate. As the chart below shows, greater energy efficient, lower viscosity oils can be made through the selection of PAO, without sacrificing volatility. The chart below shows the exceptional fire point advantages of using a 1-dodecene based PAO. PAOs on the other hand are derived from a clearly defined processing technology using petrochemically pure alpha olefins. In addition, a PAO-based multi-purpose grease can be formulated to be both H1 and kosher approved. application/pdf 0000001216 00000 n Polyolefin. The information from such third party sources is believed to be reliable and accurate; however, Purchaser should make its own determination of compatibility before using any SpillTech product. B = Good, Minor Effect, slight corrosion or discoloration C = Fair, Moderate Effect, not recommended for continuous use. xref Synthetic basestocks, more so than in mineral oil basestocks, are the primary contributor to most of the basic properties of the lubricant, including oil or water solubility, low-temperature fluidity, lubrication, volatility, ignitability, and seal and paint compatibility. A Group III mineral oil with a 0.1 percent PPD achieves an improved pour point, but to the detriment of the low-temperature viscometrics. endobj They have different characteristics, meaning that one may be superior to the other under certain circumstances. <<264FCCC095A7AD46A42A03D56AD5B96C>]>> Adobe InDesign CS6 (Macintosh) endobj The superior low-temperature flow characteristics of PAOs ensure faster coating of critical parts in the compressor during startup, minimizing wear. 180 0 obj In addition to these advantages, kosher certification for Synfluid PAOs is available upon request. The claims can include anything from red wine, coffee, and tea to fruits and vegetables that help lower cholesterol or blood pressure, decrease the risks of diabetes or cancer, or lead to a longer life. For instance, a 100 percent aminic antioxidant package will yield the best performance in the Rbot test for PAO. mary berry grandchildren names . Available on demand until February 16, 2024. 0000103071 00000 n endobj Working in conjunction with the Union Carbide Chemicals, Plastics Company Inc., and the Mellon Institute of Industrial Research, the USNRL developed the first water-glycol, PAG-thickened, fire-resistant hydraulic fluid (WGHF). 0000031839 00000 n <> General properties of water-soluble, water-insoluble, and oil-soluble PAG basestocks are shown in Table 1. xmp.id:B2FC01B10F2068118083E936383AAE83 Not a subscriber or a registered user yet? 0000161553 00000 n 1. When you compound this with difficult operating conditions, such as extreme temperatures, high loads or extended operations, a high-quality base oil may be necessary. So, whether used for gear or engine oils, PAOs provide more consistent properties and a level of purity not available from other base oil groups. 0000034289 00000 n trailer <<1656AD0EDA344239AE3641B5710538C3>]/Prev 1036271>> startxref 0 %%EOF 296 0 obj <>stream We believe that it is possible to achieve a passing mark with even lower amounts of PAO, further reducing costs. To help you optimize your application, Chevron Phillips Chemical offers a wide variety of PAOs delivering oxidative and thermal stability advantages. Buna-N Satisfactory for "O . One example is the advantage PAO has over mineral oil in the area of high-temperature stability. 0000001493 00000 n NLGI #2. startxref Lowering torque reduces the energy requirements of the equipment and improves grease distribution. hak1YmPaZI>BYzW+d~2^!dVQ ," #@^Ht 9@}VNJ ,kmLrVT U$^H-1' fMH]T U #5o=EmWae4/nW7fg9on_~mSPI_L7borVsezS[uWdg[]]>oo.o7t|xsMU/ojy4i_[u;cJ~Oz5wj1S5"b!CBd2$U3@Rb'EsHd*DzHWcucC=d8tl=d8,trSdx}=dXY>BR>!GB=dph\Wg0?0. 56 0 obj<>stream At that time, both fires on U.S. Navy ships and aircraft were occurring due to the use of mineral oil-based hydraulic fluids. CHEMIC ATIBILITY 3 Updated 7/2/13 CHEMICALS METALS PLASTICS, ELASTOMERS & LEATHER A: Excellent, B: Good, C: Fair to Poor, D: Not recommended When possible, testing compatibility between the specific PAG lubricant to be used and the specific seal types or paints to be used is recommended. However, VI doesnt tell the whole story it only reflects the viscosity/temperature relationship between 40C and 100C. Specific tests such as the Volkswagen T-4, TDI and Peugeot TU-5 have increased the demand for higher-quality base oils. Process Chemical Compatibility Guide In our experience, some commercially available additive packages are designed to take better advantage of a specific base stock. material chemical compatibility Synthetic lubricants can meet these demands because they perform better than mineral oil-based lubricants in many or all the critical performance areas: reduced wear and friction, resistance to sludge formation, lower volatility, greater corrosion protection, and improved thermal and oxidative stability. Satisfactory to 72 F. 3. 4 Chemicals PVC CPVC PP PVDF ABS. The chart below shows the gas chromatogram of PAO versus white mineral oil, illustrating the relative enhanced purity of PAO. Polyalphaolefin (PAO) fluids are the most common major synthetic base oil used in industrial and automotive lubricants. This is a far greater benefit than can be achieved from other base oils. 0000016208 00000 n You see, PAOs are carefully designed, not refined. 0000034554 00000 n 2014-03-26T09:16:41-05:00 0000034419 00000 n Additionally, PAOs have high viscosity indices, which lead to less film thickness reduction at elevated temperatures. Synfluid PAOs, in addition to NSF H1 qualification, are also available as kosher approved products. Effect of Base Oil Type on Gear Box Temperatures. Getting the air to release from the lubricant is vital to allowing the lubricant to do its job. These include the tendency to shrink seals and trouble dissolving common oil additives. Having a high viscosity index helps to protect an engine at temperature extremes. Chevron Phillips Chemicals PAO history dates back to December 1980, when the continuous PAO unit at Cedar Bayou, Texas, started up with heritage Gulf Oil, which Chevron Chemical subsequently acquired in 1985. This is compared to a conventional hydraulic fluid in the chart below. Polyalkylene glycol (PAG) and polyalphaolefin (PAO) are two synthetic lubricant options for industrial applications. Low-temperature fluidity and high-temperature thermal and oxidative stability are key factors for choosing a PAO. Synfluid PAOs also have a very high degree of saturation, which in lubricants provides oxidative stability. PAO quality is unrivaled in the industry. Meet additional regulations (fire-resistance, environmental acceptability). What is most interesting, however, is the low-temperature performance: The C10-based PAO 6 has the lowest pour point by over 20C, but the CCS viscosity for the C12-based PAO 5 and 7 blend is better. PAG polymers, first discovered more than 150 years ago, saw their breakthrough application occur during World War ll. The most favorable performance is achieved by using the highest-quality base oils. Whichever low-viscosity base oil is used, it must exhibit viscosity stability and low volatility. PAO fluids are classified as a Group IV base oil and are made by a two-step reaction process using linear alpha-olefins like 1-decene. <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Thumb 160 0 R/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 792.0 612.0]/Type/Page>> 0000036809 00000 n 165 0 obj While typical hydraulic oils are not biodegradable, this new system achieves the ultimate biodegradation rating (ASTM D5864 PW1) and even improves several performance parameters, not previously attainable. Glad you asked! PAO basestocks were developed in the 1930s and used commercially as a base for engine oils starting in the 1970s. Since there are no other discernable compounds, Synfluid PAOs are more readily biodegradable and can be used for some food applications. 2014-03-26T09:12:59.004-05:00 However, these products have demonstrated unique advantages in Sequence IIIF, VW T4 and TDI tests due to many of the other properties that are inherent in them. 179 0 obj You would expect the viscosity to improve with a lower pour point, but the opposite is true. Chemical kinetics tell us that if you reduce the temperature, you will reduce the reaction rate. A relatively simple test, the criteria of the test varies depending on which grease manufacturer you are dealing with. In drivetrain lubricants, reducing the traction coefficient and lowering viscosity are key ways to increase fuel economy, but lower viscosity must be balanced to provide adequate wear resistance. 0000004079 00000 n 0000022832 00000 n ]-]jW|^X^=E^7J3kgI%_9+v}Fwq{r9 *d(C>~z|7X#o!9lwu{^1se9),7v)mE,wa?t3 a$X{wzVAw}E^:5--_OXY+. III F challenge formulators, and their suppliers, to step up performance for the next generation of engine oils. Cant find what youre looking for? <> <>stream Some claim the Viscosity Index (VI) is the overriding parameter used when choosing a base oil. <>stream polyalphaolefin compatibility chart. The chart below shows a comparison of the foaming characteristics of our Synfluid mPAO high-viscosity base oils with traditional high-viscosity PAO 40 and 100 cSt base oils. The table below shows how our new Synfluid mPAOs offer significant advantages in pour point and viscosity index over conventional high-viscosity PAOs. Since this can be achieved without sacrificing hydrolytic stability, the finished lubricant will maintain superior properties over an extended period of time, resulting in less waste. Remember, PAOs are carefully designed, not refined. All rights reserved. You see, the jump hurts the pump.. PAO-base oils help improve fuel economy in engine and drivetrain oils by reducing viscosity, volatility and traction coefficients as the chart below shows: These results show the potential for reducing friction loss using PAOs, which also typically have lower pressure-viscosity coefficients than mineral oils reducing elastohydrodynamic gear friction losses and energy consumption. Recent advancements in additive technology and synthetic base fluid manufacturing are pushing the performance edges that make current lubricant offerings better than ever. I love to talk about food, and I love to talk about Synfluid PAO! The chart above shows the exceptional pour points of Synfluid mPAO 65, 100 and 150 cSt compared to traditional PAO 40 and 100 cSt. %%EOF Some of the advantages of PAO-based lubricants are summarized in Table 5. 0000035588 00000 n endobj D = Severe Effect, not recommended for ANY use. 0000001726 00000 n Synfluid PAOs have helped you to meet industry specifications in the past. These requirements or specifications will generally identify or recommend a product type (mineral oils, synthetic fluids, or bio-based fluids) and the proper performance requirements (developed into the lubricant by the component chemistry) to allow the machinery to run at an optimum level. and PAO plays an integral part of meeting the challenge for top-tier oils. Satisfactory to 72F (22C) 2. general guideline for pump material selection 0000001332 00000 n Address new equipment conditions (higher operating temperature and pressure, greater loads and speed). From then on, the company introduced 1-dodecene-based PAOs in 1995, which have grown steadily in popularity. We were the first to offer these materials to the marketplace, and many years of experience with 1-dodecene-based PAOs has helped us to refine the process and deliver very high-quality products. 0000000724 00000 n Use of WGHFs increased tremendously due to the publication of the Luxembourg Report in 1961, outlining minimum standards for hydraulic fluid fire-resistance in European coal mines. Note the differences between a VHVI mineral oil and Synfluid Polyalphaolefin (PAO) 5 in the Scanning Brookfield chart below. Synthetic lubricants can be very different chemically and what defines those differences are the basestocks used as the basis for the lubricant. In the past three years, European specifications for volatility and oxidative stability have become significantly more stringent. Improved equipment efficiency and energy savings. The results indicate that the CSC 980 Tan grease has a running torque of 3.77 N-m versus 10.9 N-m for the same grease with an alternate base oil. Polyalphaolefin does not contain ring structures, double bonds, sulphur, nitrogen components or waxy hydrocarbons. PAO SYNTHETIC MATERIAL COMPATIBILITY CHART This table is aids in the selection of elastomers, plastics and paints for use in conjunction with PAO synthetic fluids. To improve seal compatibility of PAO-based lubricants, an ester is added to the formulation to add some polarity. 0000000016 00000 n The most favorable performance is achieved by using the highest-quality base oils. The VI trend is only true for a family of base oils. California Transparency in Supply Chains Act Disclosure. Compatible with seals and paint used with mineral oil, no need for change at all operating temperatures. According to analysis conducted by Kline & Co., more than 78% of all lubricant requirements in the world annually are met with the use of mineral oil-based fluids. Research at the U.S. 101 0 obj The viscosity of the base oil is largely irrelevant in relation to the compatibility risks with the thickener. 178 0 obj This chart illustrates another benefit of using Synfluid PAOs at increased antioxidant treat rates. The chart below shows biodegradation test results for Synfluid PAO 2.5, 4 and C12 Dimer, which indicate that these products could qualify as inherently biodegradable according to the ASTM D5864 test method. 176 0 obj The vast number of high-quality base oil choices can be confusing when balancing fuel efficiency and wear protection. It is true there are many high-quality base oils around, but the highest quality is still achieved when Synfluid PAOs are chosen. Copyright 2023 Chevron Phillips Chemical Company LLC. It is not reactive at room temperatures, except by strong oxidizing agents, and some solvents cause swelling. Leaking fluids from equipment used in sensitive geographical areas can have long-term negative consequences on the environment. 0000140275 00000 n PAG basestocks are classified as a Group V oil, meaning a synthetic basestock that is not defined as a Group I, II, III, or IV base oil. To get a superior lubricant, you need to start with a superior base oil. According to the U.S. government, biobased is defined as at least 44% biobased carbon content for hydraulic fluids. 0000012483 00000 n endstream endobj 12 0 obj<>/Metadata 9 0 R/AcroForm 13 0 R/Pages 7 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 13 0 obj<>/Encoding<>>>>> endobj 14 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>>>/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 15 0 obj[/ICCBased 38 0 R] endobj 16 0 obj<>stream Conversely, if you reduce the temperature, the reaction rate decreases and the oil lasts longer, providing better protection. 0000035336 00000 n endobj The primary difference between these two products is pour point. Initially, it was intended to fill the gap in supply and was found to be exceptionally suitable for applications where extremely low pour points were not necessary. If pour point is not a critical property in your application, then blending a PAO 5 and PAO 7 might give you that clear advantage that you are looking for. Blending lower-quality base oils into this formulation would compromise the passing mark. The relative availability of olefin monomer was certainly a consideration (i.e., 1-octene vs. 1-decene). Our C12-based grades further improve flash/fire points by as much as 10 percent over other commercial polyalphaolefins. The properties, advantages, and disadvantages reviewed provide some of the main reasons why. endobj While one lot of Group IIIA mineral oil passed this battery of tests, it is quite different from the quality of the other Group III stocks. To improve fuel economy, OEMs are moving toward lower-viscosity oils, even in heavy-duty diesel engines. But what happens below 40C? polyalphaolefin-based lubricants. Water for liquid cooling comes from different sources. The chart below shows the Noack volatility for both 1-decene and 1-dodecene based PAOs of varying viscosities. 0000034812 00000 n The choice of C10- or C12-derived PAO depends on the application and/or specification requirements. Volatility is a concern for many applications, especially where higher operating temperatures occur or longer service life is desired. 0000162572 00000 n converted guide for chemical uses Using PAOs with biobased oils can provide both high performance and biodegradability. Disadvantages of PAG-based lubricants are summarized in Table 3. As shown in the chart below, our PAOs have shown very little fluctuation over the years, with stable viscosities at 100, 40 and -40C even as weve made improvements to characteristics such as oxidative stability. Polyphenols are a complicated group of plant-based chemicals. what chemicals to use The properties mentioned above are in addition to the normally excellent performance you have come to recognize with PAO. 0000007470 00000 n There are many advantages! 0000017423 00000 n 102 0 obj This will increase the dependence on high-quality base oils such as PAOs. 0000000891 00000 n The first step is the synthesis of oligomers (polymers with few repeating monomer units) from the linear alpha-olefin. Furthermore, we are able to achieve these properties with non-decene alpha olefin feedstocks while providing advantages over existing products and extending feedstock supply. Since we are all concerned with the protection of our environment, it is important to note some PAOs can be formulated with other components into biodegradable fluids. The direct feedstock (normal alpha olefin - NAO) is produced through the chain growth and displacement process for producing petrochemically pure alpha olefins. Heavier components adversely affect low-temperature performance and pour point. 0000017608 00000 n The more similar in polarity the lubricants are, the more similar they will behave in the properties mentioned. High-viscosity PAO fluids have also become popular in industrial fluids and greases. Satisfactory to 120F (48C) Ratings: Chemical Effect A = Excellent. As the chart above clearly demonstrates, the difference in viscosity as a function of shear rate is magnified as temperature decreases. Approximately 80% of synthetic lubricants used in the world are of three types. Since they are fully synthetic, Synfluid PAOs are extremely pure and provide inherent benefits in oxidative stability and viscosity performance at temperature extremes. Meet new original equipment manufacturer and industry standard requirements. By utilizing this new process combined with the inherent properties of PAOs, a grease can be produced that can be used in both extreme high- and low-temperature applications. polyalphaolefin compatibility chart. However, moving to lower-viscosity oils is a possibility only if you can maintain a low Noack volatility for emissions control and lubricant stability. This resistance to fire and flame propagation improves the margin of safety in the event of a hydraulic leak. endobj 0000135087 00000 n Polyalphaolefins also have poor fire resistance and biodegradability.

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