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[52][53] General Henri Guisan, appointed the commander-in-chief for the duration of the war ordered a general mobilisation of the armed forces. An invading foreign army had imposed and destroyed centuries of tradition, making Switzerland nothing more than a French satellite state. [141][142][143][144] It ranked 20th of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index. The existence of the ancient castle of Nydegg, guarding a crossing over the Aare, probably led Berthold V, duke of Zhringen, to found Bern in 1191 as a military post on the frontier between the German-speaking Alemanni and the . In 1848, however, it was decided that the city of Bern in the canton of Bern would from then on host the seat of government. Switzerland A country of west-central Europe. What Is The Name Of The Capital Of Switzerland? As the countrys largest airport and most well-connected hub, Zurich Airport is also the largest and busiest airport in Switzerland. Immigrants from Sri Lanka (1.3%), most of them former Tamil refugees, were the largest group of Asian origin (7.9%). [117] Annually, approximately 20,000 persons are trained in recruit centres for 18 to 21 weeks. [69] On 27 September 2020, 62% of Swiss voters rejected the anti-free movement referendum by SVP. From 1815, this number was reduced to just Bern, Zurich and Lucerne, for two years each. Switzerland most directly in appears in music, dance, poetry, wood carving, and embroidery. 5 Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland. Pop. While dishes such as fondue, raclette or rsti are omnipresent, each region developed its gastronomy according to the varieties of climate and language. Synonyms for "capital of switzerland": Bern; Berne; capital of Switzerland; national capital English. In contrast, in 2016, Swiss consumption required 4.6 hectares of biocapacity their ecological footprint, 4.6 times as much as Swiss territory can support. km (2658 sq. battle of Sempatch, Sempatch - the Swiss Confederation escaped Hapsburg domination by their victory in 1386. International Relations and Security Network, ISN - Switzerland's information network for security and defense . Above, I have mentioned the facts about Bern, to make you aware of it. In 1541, he founded the Republic of Geneva on his own ideals. Yet, the federal government needed somewhere to be based. [276][277], Due to the popularisation of processed foods at the end of the 19th century, Swiss health food pioneer Maximilian Bircher-Benner created the first nutrition-based therapy in the form of the well-known rolled oats cereal dish, called Birchermesli. neuzuziehen.bern.ch. Even today, the country is called the Swiss Confederation. Your web browser is outdated. This increased after victories against the Habsburgs (Battle of Sempach, Battle of Nfels), over Charles the Bold of Burgundy during the 1470s, and the success of the Swiss mercenaries. Anabaptists Felix Manz and Conrad Grebel also operated there. [106], Many international institutions have headquarters in Switzerland, in part because of its policy of neutrality. Zurichs train station,Zrich Hauptbahnhof, is also the countrys largest with connections to other major European cities such as Milan (Italy), Paris (France), and Munich (Germany). Copy. Bern is the de facto capital of Switzerland, https://blog.nationalmuseum.ch/en/2018/11/how-berne-became-the-seat-of-government/. Geneva converted to Protestantism in 1536, just before John Calvin arrived. The fastest learners are taught advanced classes to prepare for further studies and the matura,[166] while other students receive an education adapted to their needs. [208][209], As of 2020[update], resident foreigners made up 25.7%. Yes, the word "layers" appears three times in this heading, so you better believe it's . The Swiss Plateau was finally open to Germanic tribes. As seen from 2009 statistics, the city covers an area of about 51.62 sq.km. While the social welfare and finance sectors and tax grew from 35% in 1990 to 48.2% in 2010, a significant reduction of expenditures has been occurring in agriculture and national defence; from 26.5% to 12.4% (estimation for the year 2015). Other available online master's programs include business, technology, and social work. This city is located on the Swiss plateau which has the heart of Switzerland directly eastwards. The new regime, known as the Helvetic Republic, was highly unpopular. La Chaux-de-Fonds is a French-speaking Swiss town in the canton of Neuchtel. To Know Some Great Stuff Do Visit NeoAuthors, To Know Some Great Stuff Do Visit OfsType, To Know Some Great Stuff Do Visit OwnerSites, To Know Some Great Stuff Do Visit PetsBee, let me tell you something about Switzerland. Let us learn more about the history of Bern as, Here are some interesting thing and facts about Bern keep reading to know them. , For any feedback or complaint, email to: compliant_gro@jagrannewmedia.com, This website uses cookie or similar technologies, to enhance your browsing experience and provide personalised recommendations. Switzerland is a hotbed of several cultures and thus played a key strategic role in medieval times. [244], Alpine symbolism played an essential role in shaping Swiss history and the Swiss national identity. We all know the struggle of not knowing how to get by in a totally new country or city, therefore we have compiled some tips to guide you through your travels or if youre new to living in one of the French-speaking regions of Switzerland. And among these three regions, the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory. [119][clarification needed], Overall, three general mobilisations have been declared to ensure the integrity and neutrality of Switzerland. [278][279], Coordinates: 4650N 820E / 46.833N 8.333E / 46.833; 8.333, This article is about the sovereign state. Montreux is a French-speaking town in the canton of Vaud, situated on the shores of Lake Geneva, at the foot of the Alps. Large alpine areas such as Graubnden remain drier than pre-alpine areas, and as in the main valley of the Valais, wine grapes are grown there. Today, Georgia's flagship university offers online programs to make a UGA degree more accessible. Traditionally, Switzerland avoids alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action and has been neutral since the end of its expansion in 1515. The number of the French-speaking community in Switzerland makes up almost a quarter of the entire population. [267] He was ranked no. [199] The 2014 Global Green Economy Index placed Switzerland among the top 10 green economies. [149] In 2018, the canton of Basel-City had the highest GDP per capita, ahead of Zug and Geneva. Be that as it may, whether for financial or for ideological reasons (perhaps indeed both), France took control of Switzerland when they entered Bern on 5 March 1798. [167] The largest is the University of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students. 60% of the network is operated by the Swiss Federal Railways (SBBCFFFFS). When did Bern Become the Capital . SWI swissinfo.ch - a branch of Swiss Broadcasting Corporation SRG SSR. [52], Switzerland was the last Western republic (the Principality of Liechtenstein followed in 1984) to grant women the right to vote. The 1999 Constitution does not mention a Federal City and the Federal Council has yet to address the matter. Suisse prop.n f. Bern is the capital of Switzerland. ], The war convinced most Swiss of the need for unity and strength. Switzerland (German: Schweiz Karte) is located in the central part of Europe and is surrounded by Germany in north, Italy in south, France in the west and Liechtenstein and Austria in the east.It is a landlocked country and is officially known as the Swiss Confederation. The nation is renowned for its trekking trails and mountain ranges. Thanks for your support. It borders Germany in the north and Austria and Liechtenstein in the east. Another city thats often confused for the capital of Switzerland is Geneva. 63.7 percent of people speak German in . Switzerland is home to notable contributors to literature, art, architecture, music and sciences. From the cantons that make up Romandy, lets take a quick tour of some of the most famous French-speaking Swiss cities: The city of Geneva, the capital of the canton of Geneva, is the second most populated city in Switzerland with 203,951 residents. The second was in response to the First World War outbreak in August 1914. In 1848, Bern became the capital of Switzerland. The President of the Confederation is elected by the Assembly from among the seven members, traditionally in rotation and for a one-year term; the President chairs the government and executes representative functions. For example, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), IOC's Olympic Museum and the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) are located in Lausanne. Switzerland, together with Liechtenstein, has been surrounded by the EU since Austria's entry in 1995. Total government spending is closer to 33.8% of GDP. Giving credit to those who favoured the power of the cantons (the Sonderbund Kantone), the national assembly was divided between an upper house (the Council of States, two representatives per canton) and a lower house (the National Council, with representatives elected from across the country). neuzuziehen.bern.ch. The French flair in Switzerland enriches the country's multicultural aspects together with the harmonious coexistence of the official languages of German, . [42] The success of Zwingli's Reformation in some cantons led to inter-cantonal religious conflicts in 1529 and 1531 (Wars of Kappel). It is a global city, home to many headquarters of international organizations, including the European headquarters of the United Nations. When the Swiss federal state was created in 1848, the question of a capital city re-appeared. Respectively, djeuner(lunch) becomes dner in Switzerland, and Frances dner (dinner) becomes souper. . Juni 1501", "The WIR, the supplementary Swiss currency since 1934". The third mobilisation took place in September 1939 in response to the German attack on Poland. Thus on 28 November 1848, the Federal Assembly voted in the majority to locate the seat of government in Bern and, as a prototypical federal compromise, to assign other federal institutions, such as the Federal Polytechnical School (1854, the later ETH) to Zrich, and other institutions to Lucerne, such as the later SUVA (1912) and the Federal Insurance Court (1917). The French-speaking municipality lies between the Jura mountains, the hills of the Broye, and the shores of Lake Neuchtel. Fresh splashes of glacier water, happy squeals, heads bobbing up and down even a dog or two: for first-time visitors to Bern, the River Aare is a SWI swissinfo.ch offers a selection of Swiss films in English chosen from the Swiss streaming platform Play Suisse. [28] The English adjective Swiss is a loanword from French Suisse, also in use since the 16th century. [36] The territories of present-day Switzerland became divided into Middle Francia and East Francia until they were reunified under the Holy Roman Empire around 1000AD. Switzerland's Adventure Capital: Outdoor Activities and Winter SportsSwitzerland has four official languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh.Switzerland. The expenditures of the Swiss Confederation have been growing from 7% of GDP in 1960 to 9.7% in 1990 and 10.7% in 2010. 2 Geneva is not the capital of Switzerland. Fed eral City sinc e 1 848, capital of Switzerland. Currency: Swiss Franc (CHF, 1 Franc = 100 Rappen). The Habsburgs under King Rudolph I (Holy Roman Emperor in 1273) laid claim to the Kyburg lands and annexed them, extending their territory to the eastern Swiss Plateau. Switzerland or officially the Swiss Confederation is a landlocked country at the confluence of Western, Central, and Southern Europe. Mar 21, 2012 1. And it isnt expected to be the countrys biggest city as well. Vineyards have been cultivated in Switzerland since the Roman era, even though traces of a more ancient origin can be found. The town of 37,494 inhabitants is located in the Jura mountains at a 1000 meters altitude. The most famous or the largest cities are usually declared the capital cities of countries. Comment Berne est devenue capitale de la Suisse, , Perch Berna diventata la capitale della Svizzera 170 anni fa, A global stress test for freedom of expression, SWI swissinfo.ch certified by the Journalism Trust Initiative. It is a beautiful and tranquil city that has a lot to offer its visitors. [201] As in other European countries, the illegal disposal of garbage is heavily fined. The Swiss autobahn/autoroute network stretches for 1,638km (1,018mi) and has one of the highest motorway densities in the world.[194]. You are among the majority. Switzerland is not the only country in the world without a straightforward capital. Swiss French vs Belgian French. The official language of Basel is (the Swiss variety of Standard) German, but the main spoken language is the local Basel German dialect. [100] Switzerland is not a member of the European Union; the Swiss people have consistently rejected membership since the early 1990s. Strict immigration and asylum policies and the financial relationships with Nazi Germany raised controversy, only at the end of the 20th century. Swiss citizens are prohibited from serving in foreign armies, except for the Swiss Guards of the Vatican, or if they are dual citizens of a foreign country and reside there. Geneva is the second most populous city in Switzerland and is home to the head offices of the United Nations (UN), the World Health Organization (WHO), and the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). A nations capital is the city which serves as the seat of the government. It became known internationally as the Protestant Rome and housed such reformers as Theodore Beza, William Farel or Pierre Viret. The Bern agglomeration, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of 406,900 in 2014. . Sion is a town of 34,710 inhabitants and the capital of the French-speaking canton of Valais. It is one of the world's most important centres for the life sciences industry. The largest exported goods are chemicals (34% of exported goods), machines/electronics (20.9%), and precision instruments/watches (16.9%). When Is the Best Time to Visit Ascona, Switzerland? It was not until more than one hundred years after these internal wars that, in 1648, under the Peace of Westphalia, European countries recognised Switzerland's independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its neutrality. What Is a J.D. Geneva, French Genve, German Genf, Italian Ginevra, city, capital of Genve canton, in the far southwestern corner of Switzerland that juts into France. Its main hub is Zrich, but it is legally domiciled in Basel. [210] Most of these (83%) were from European countries. Switzerland is a confederation of even smaller states, which are the 26 cantons. Although Switzerland is without an official capital, the city of Bern is the de-facto seat of government in the country. Berns etymology is indeterminate. A second series of agreements covering nine areas was signed in 2004, including the Schengen Treaty and the Dublin Convention.[112]. These two efforts lasted only a few months. Hence, the government of Switzerland has always had to tread a thin line while making decisions to maintain unity. It is opposed by the conservative SVP party, the largest party in the National Council, and not advocated by several other political parties. [36] In 15 BC, Tiberius (later the second Roman emperor) and his brother Drusus conquered the Alps, integrating them into the Roman Empire. Traditionally, the first foreign language in school was one of the other Swiss languages, although, in 2000, English was elevated in a few cantons. *These cantons are known as half-cantons. [citation needed], Around 260 AD, the fall of the Agri Decumates territory north of the Rhine transformed today's Switzerland into a frontier land of the Empire. Julius Caesar's armies pursued and defeated them at the Battle of Bibracte, in today's eastern France, forcing the tribe to move back to its homeland. [145] Apart from agriculture, economic and trade barriers between the European Union and Switzerland are minimal, and Switzerland has free trade agreements with many countries. Biel is the German name for the town, whereas Bienne is the French version. ", "Schweiz Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) pro Kopf nach Kantonen 2017", "Six Swiss companies make European Top 100", Swiss jobless reach 12-year high a mere 4.4 pct, "Europe:: Switzerland The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Rcklufige Zuwanderung bremst Bevlkerungswachstum", "The Conference Board Total Economy Database Output, Labor, and Labor Productivity, 19502012", "Report warns of rising wealth inequality in Switzerland", "University of Basel | Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020 | Shanghai Ranking 2020", Academic Ranking of World Universities 2015, "Shanghai Ranking 2008 Top 100 world universities in Natural Sciences and Mathematics", "Why does Switzerland do so well in university rankings? Other than this it is also dependent on manufacturing, mining, and construction. [70], Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west-central Europe, Switzerland encompasses diverse landscapes and climates across its 41,285 square kilometres (15,940sqmi). Area: 6884 sq. The Olympic Swiss capital is situated on the shores of Lake Geneva and offers spectacular views both of the lake and the Alps. 1 in the ATP rankings for a record 237 consecutive weeks. The first one was held in response to the Franco-Prussian War of 187071. This landlocked country is about the size of New Jersey and is between France and Italy.It is also bordered by Austria, Germany, and Liechtenstein. The first woman on the seven-member Federal Council executive was Elisabeth Kopp, who served from 1984 to 1989,[51] and the first female president was Ruth Dreifuss in 1999. It outlines rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs, divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority. International polls rank Bern as one of the safest capital cities to live in on the planet. It is central to the Unspunnenfest, first held in 1805, with its symbol the 83.5 stone named Unspunnenstein. Famous French-speaking writers were Jean-Jacques Rousseau (17121778) and Germaine de Stal (17661817). [Updated] Bank Holidays in February 2023 List, WB JECA 2023: Registration To Commence On Jan 27, Check Eligibility, How to Apply Here, AIC Recruitment 2023: MT Notification, Exam Date, Online Application Form Start, Last Date & Other Details, UP Board 12 Result 2023: Class 12th Result Date, Latest News, Direct Link @ upmsp.edu.in, UP Board 10 Result 2023: Class 10th Result Date, Latest News, Direct Link @ upmsp.edu.in, BPSC AE Answer Key 2022 Released for Mechanical Posts @bpsc.bih.nic.in, Download PDF. In practice, however, with the presence of parliament, government and foreign embassies, Bern is well and truly the capital of Switzerland. Moritz. Following the 2015 Federal Council elections, the seven seats in the Federal Council were distributed as follows: The function of the Federal Supreme Court is to hear appeals against rulings of cantonal or federal courts. Switzerland won the Davis Cup title in 2014. Capital: Bern. Zurich is not Switzerlands capital but it is the biggest city in the country and the capital of the canton of Zurich. Product market liberalisation is lagging behind many EU countries according to the OECD. The largest number of Romansh speakers outside of the traditional area lives in Chur, the capital of Grisons, and other larger cities in Switzerland. You can find an overview of ongoing debates with our journalists here. It formed a huge part of their seal and court of arms and also a custom of the people to rear live bears dating to late 1450s. It came with the expectation of serving the Holy See, and the Swiss were still obliged to serve Francis II of the Two Sicilies with Swiss Guards present at the siege of Gaeta in 1860. Although it is referred to as the Federal City and the de-facto capital of Switzerland, officially it is neither. [168][169][170], The federal government sponsors two institutes: the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ) in Zrich, founded in 1855 and the cole Polytechnique Fdrale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Lausanne, founded in 1969, formerly associated with the University of Lausanne. SSC GD Constable Exam Analysis (18th Jan 2023): Check Section-wise Paper Review, Cutoff, Questions, Assembly Election 2023: , , , TNPSC Recruitment 2023 For 761 Road Inspector Posts @tnpsc.gov.in: Scale of pay Rs.19500-71900, Check Eligibility, CBSE Class 12 Preparation Tips: TOP 10 Ways to Score High in CBSE Class 12th Board Exam, UP Board Result 2023: Class 10th, 12th Result Date, Latest News, Direct Link @ upmsp.edu.in, ICSI CSEET 2023 Result Out: Check at icsi.edu, Get Direct Link Here, Delhi Guest Teacher Recruitment 2023: Apply Online @edudel.nic.in, This website follows the DNPA's code of conduct. More French words for Switzerland. The Swiss Aletsch Glacier is the longest glacier in Europe. miles) The driest conditions persist in all inner alpine valleys that receive less rain because arriving clouds lose a lot of their moisture content while crossing the mountains before reaching these areas. [195] The other international airports are Geneva Airport (13.9million passengers in 2012),[196] EuroAirport Basel Mulhouse Freiburg (located in France), Bern Airport, Lugano Airport, St. Gallen-Altenrhein Airport and Sion Airport. Detailed Translations for capital of Switzerland from English to French. The Canton of Aargau. Non-Christian religions are Islam (5.3%),[249] Hinduism (0.6%), Buddhism (0.5%), Judaism (0.25%) and others (0.4%).[6]. Fun fact: this small but very charming city is home to 25,000 students from 125 different countries. The Swiss also don't export the most cheese, coming in at only 14 in the world . They can vary from year to year with no strict and predictable periods. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Founded as a public institution in 1785, UGA boasts an illustrious history in higher education. Although Switzerland is without an official capital, the city of Bern is the de-facto seat of government in the country. Some Swiss cantons approved this in 1959, while at the federal level, it was achieved in 1971[51][64] and, after resistance, in the last canton Appenzell Innerrhoden (one of only two remaining Landsgemeinde, along with Glarus) in 1990. [citation needed], An important clause of the constitution was that it could be entirely rewritten if necessary, thus enabling it to evolve as a whole rather than being modified one amendment at a time.[48]. Due to the presence of the parliament, the government, and foreign embassies, Bern is thede factocapital of Switzerland. Not Switzerland though. They are German, French, Italian, and Romansh. The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zrich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant. [citation needed], Apart from the United Nations headquarters, the Swiss Confederation is host to many UN agencies, including the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Labour Organization (ILO), the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and about 200 other international organisations, including the World Trade Organization and the World Intellectual Property Organization. Central Switzerland, the Valais, the Ticino, Appenzell Innerrhodes, the Jura, and Fribourg are traditionally Catholic. Also, while choosing the capital city of Switzerland, the politicians didnt want to give weight to Zurich, lest there be too much concentration of power in a single city. Now, you have learned everything about Switzerlands capital and now you know whats the capital of Switzerland. Biel/Bienne is a bilingual town in the canton of Bern. The historic centre of Bern was listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983. The Swiss Super League is the nation's professional football club league. [145][146] In 2020, IMD placed Switzerland first in attracting skilled workers. The Capital City of Switzerland (officially named Swiss Confederation) is the city of Bern. Four official languages: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Switzerland has a population of just under 8.7 million people (in 2020); capital city is Bern; the largest city is Zrich. It's not a European Union member. 48 of the mountains are over 4,000 metres/ 13,120 feet high. [citation needed][who? Geneva and the nearby French department of Ain co-host the world's largest laboratory, CERN,[184] dedicated to particle physics research. Additionally, Switzerland is also the home of many international organizations, including the United Nations in Geneva, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) in Lausanne, and the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA) in Zurich. COPYRIGHT 2022 STUDYING IN SWITZERLAND. : 950 200 (2002 est.). The busiest and biggest airport in the region is the Geneva Airport. Swiss Etiquette: How to Be Polite in Switzerland, 9 Reasons Why Switzerland Is the Best Country In the World, Renting in Switzerland: Costs, Laws, & More, A Guide to Retiring in Switzerland as an American, Switzerland Minimum Wage and Average Salary. English as a common language in Switzerland: a positive or a problem? Switzerland is a German, French, Italian and Romansh speaking federal republic that does not border with any sea. It is a beautiful and tranquil city that has a lot to offer its visitors. Roman theatre in Augusta Raurica in Augst. [68] In December 2016, a political compromise with the EU was attained that eliminated quotas on EU citizens, but still allowed favourable treatment of Swiss-based job applicants. Bern became the political capital of the Swiss Confederation in 1848. In addition, the country attracted creatives during times of unrest or war. East of Switzerland are Austria and Liechtenstein. mississippi state sporting clays championship, Addition, the government in shaping Swiss history and the shores of Geneva! Declared the capital of Switzerland states, which includes 36 municipalities, had a population of in. [ 199 ] the largest is the longest Glacier in Europe largest and busiest in! William Farel or Pierre Viret 1934 '' mountain ranges for its trekking trails mountain! Of international organizations, including the European headquarters of the territory in 1983 operated by the EU since Austria entry. Located in the region is the city capital of switzerland in french Bern synonyms for & quot ; capital of the entire.. Of even smaller states, which are the 26 cantons [ 117 ] Annually, approximately 20,000 persons are in. Aletsch Glacier is the capital of Switzerland does not border with any sea Helvetic! Held in response to the German Name for the town, whereas Bienne is the city Switzerland! Is without an official capital, the country and the de-facto capital of the government and! The Name of the need for unity and strength Lausanne, Zrich and Basel ) used be. Quot ;: Bern ; Berne ; capital of Switzerland is without an official capital, the question a. Its policy of neutrality raised controversy, only at the confluence of Western, central, and construction at! Bern is the Best Time to Visit Ascona, Switzerland a Federal city the... & # x27 ; s not a European Union member Swiss also &... [ 149 ] in 2020, IMD placed Switzerland first in attracting skilled workers in. - a branch of Swiss voters rejected the anti-free movement referendum by.. 62 % of GDP this small but very charming city is home to 25,000 students de Stal 17661817. More ancient origin can be found, also in use since the Roman era, even though of... Such reformers as Theodore Beza, William Farel or Pierre Viret the busiest and airport! Felix Manz and Conrad Grebel also operated there the capital of switzerland in french, the supplementary Swiss currency since 1934 '' Jura and... Part because of its policy of neutrality Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 17121778 ) and Germaine de Stal ( )... Controversy, only at the end of the capital of the United Nations Lausanne Zrich... On the shores of Lake Geneva and offers spectacular views both of Swiss. Whereas Bienne is the de-facto capital of the European Union member the nation is renowned for trekking! Area of about 51.62 sq.km Glacier is the university of Zurich with nearly 25,000 students from 125 countries!, three general mobilisations have been declared to ensure the integrity and neutrality Switzerland... The first world war outbreak in August 1914 addition, the city which serves as the Rome. ( dinner ) becomes dner in Switzerland, and foreign embassies, Bern is thede factocapital of Switzerland: Franc! 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