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He cautiously maintained neutrality between the warring Swedes and Habsburgs, started to build a standing army, and added to his territories with the Peace of Westphalia (1648). Commissioner Robert Spindell, who also served as a fake elector for former President Donald Trump, again on Wednesday refused to resign. On the other side of the lines, the Swedes too were at a crossroads. He became rigidly controlled in highly militarized society. Despite having to traverse the formidable Thuringian Forest, which was still relatively barren of supplies after the devastation of the Thirty Years War, the Brandenburgers moved rapidly, covering nearly 200 miles in 20 days. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. As in his previous campaign, Bournonville, despite being numerically superior to Turenne, refused to take the offensive. He began as a successful leader, adding lands to Russia. Contrary to appearances, Montecuccoli was highly upset by his orders. In June 1673, Frederick William abandoned the Dutch alliance and concluded a subsidy treaty with France, who in return withdrew from Cleves. A pleasure to deal with. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for the German doctrine of Auftragstaktik, and he is noted for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes.[6]. Frederick William was encamped with his army deep inside Franconia when news of the Swedish invasion reached him in early January. Elector Frederick William was born in Berlin to George William, Elector of Brandenburg, and Elisabeth Charlotte of the Palatinate. In 1685, fearing French ambitions and concerned about the security of Protestantism after Louis revoked religious toleration for the Protestant Huguenots, he again changed sides, joining the Dutch and the Swedes in a pact against France. Owing to the disorder in Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War, he passed part of his youth in the Netherlands, studying at Leiden University and learning something of war and statecraft under Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange. The timing for the war was ideal. Despite the cannon fire searing through their ranks, the Swedes charged madly, putting the battles outcome in doubt. Swedens subsequent military success against its neighbors allowed the Swedish kingdom to expand still further. Electors had not been allowed to do this and it was this drop in their perceived status, that pushed Frederick to deciding that he wanted to be called king of Prussia. Until the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia, Brandenburg remained a battleground for Swedish, early 1650s, had a peacetime mobilization of over 20,000 by the end of Frederick William's reign. The ensuing devastation reached right to the gates of Berlin itself. His services, however, came at a price. There are no great people in this world, only great challenges which ordinary people rise to meet. At least one man on the field, however, already knew that the elector intended to roll the dice. 18 Jan 2023 13:33:56 The one who will be found in trial capable of great acts of love is ever the one who is always / Harold James, The Massacre in January 1945 on the Baltic Seashore, Introduction Rival Histories of Emer De Vattel's Law of Nations*, Germans Displaced from the East: Crossing Actual and Imagined Central European Borders, 1944-1955, Immigration and the Diffusion of Technology: the Huguenot Diaspora in Prussia, Applicant Age Country of Origin Departure Date Expr1004, Geography and the Rise of Prussia After 1815, UC Berkeley Berkeley Undergraduate Journal, Immigration and the Diffusion of Technology: the Huguenot, FREDERICK the GREAT and the SEVEN YEARS' WAR, Queen Louise of Prussia: Gender, Power, and Queenship During the Sattelzeit Era, Migration Across the Frontiers of Germany, The Long-Term Effects of Oppression: Prussia, Political Catholicism and the Alternative Fr Deutschland, The Fall of Hitler's Fortress City: the Battle for Konigsberg, 1945, The Regional Incidence of Disease in Germany, Introduction Locating Saxony in the Landscape of German Regional History, German Immigrant Arrivals: Resources in the Library of Congress Compiled and Annotated by Barbara B. Your prince and captain will conquer with you, or die like a knight! In his zeal, the elector suddenly found himself surrounded by enemy soldiers. Their children were the following: Frederick's later years were marked by differences between his wife and his son Frederick, and influenced by Dorothea he bequeathed portions of Brandenburg to her four sons. Christianity is an old metaphysical fiction, stuffed with fables, contradictions Military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. I Judging the attacking Brandenburgers to be much greater in strength than they actually were, the Wrangels decided against counterattacking Rathenow and opted to withdraw. His goal was to make Prussia a powerful military state with an independent economy. are people of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. When the Holy Roman Empire declared war on France (Reichskrieg), Brandenburg-Prussia again changed sides and joined the imperial forces. The entire operation cost Frederick William a mere 15 men. Delaying the process even more was a sudden attack of the gout that prevented Frederick William from reaching The Hague until May. As Brandenburg-Prussia remained economically impoverished after the Thirty Years War, he hoped to replicate the mercantile successes of the Dutch East India Company. What were the three goals of the Lewis and Clark Expedition? Under the great elector and his successors, notably kings Frederick William I (r. 1713-1740) and Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786), the Junker class became, in essence, servants of the state, particularly in the military and civil bureaucracies. The one who will be found in trial capable of great acts of love is ever the one who is always doing considerate small ones. During the Thirty Years' War, George William strove to maintain, with a minimal army, a delicate balance between the Protestant and Catholic forces fighting throughout the Holy Roman Empire. [8], In 1682, at the suggestion of the Dutch merchant and privateer Benjamin Raule, he granted a charter to the Brandenburg Africa Company (BAC), marking the first organised and sustained attempt by a German state to take part in the Atlantic slave trade. The emperor wished only to protect Germany, and in accordance with this wish he ordered Montecuccoli to act conservatively and engage the enemy only if victory could be assured. In 1850 he re-instated an unpopular adviser, Hans Daniel Hassenpflug, who called on the German prediction The way to push things through to a finish effectively must be learned. was the time period 1598 to 1613 when Russia struggled to find an heir. With great fury the attackers swarmed inside the town, catching the vast majority of the Swedes asleep in their beds. Another consequence of his military ambitions was the alliance between the elector and the nobility of Brandenburg and Prussia, that is, between the elector and the Junkers (landowners, who controlled territories in the east). Despite being a lover of war, Charles XI was not eager to comply with the French demand. His economic endeavors failed to transform Brandenburg-Prussia. Despite the new pact, the electors position was still perilous. his forces were defeated, but the Hapsburgs had to compromise with Hungary and give them more power over themselves. These, William to begin to centralize his control over the disparate Hohenzollern territories, which reached, from the Baltic to the lower Rhine. Protestantism;Brandenburg. Frederick William, Derfflinger, and the rest of the Brandenburger cavalry arrived at noon, raising the electors total strength to roughly 7,000 horsemen against the equally numerous Swedes. During the ensuing years, Frederick William had taken steps in that direction. prince by consolidating his rule over a composite state of non-contiguous territories. The Hohenzollerns, who were Protestant Calvinists, were unpopular among the majority Protestant Lutheran population. The Austrians were unsure of the electors intentions and feared that Brandenburg would again abandon the cause, while the Dutch had little reason to believe that a new offensive was worthy of their funds. He is notable for his joint victory with Swedish forces at the Battle of Warsaw, which, according to Hajo Holborn, marked "the beginning of Prussian military history",[5] but the Swedes turned on him at the behest of King Louis XIV and invaded Brandenburg. Swedens acute lack of resources and funds made its recent conquests extremely vulnerable. Shortly afterward, Montecuccoli regained control of his own army and terminated the brief offensive. The first English biography in more than fifty years, McKays study describes Frederick William as Unlike Frederick William, Waldemar also possessed infantry and thus was at a decided advantage. Only through constant expansion could it manage to protect itself, but with a pacific-minded government in place to watch over the youthful king, conquest was not an option. Something went wrong. RT @HREAssociation: The family of the Great Elector Frederick William of Brandenburg (1620-88) - Die Familie des Groen Kurfrsten Friedrich Wilhelm von Brandenburg by M Czwiczk. His inheritance consisted of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, the Duchy of Cleves, the County of Mark, and the Duchy of Prussia. The elector was no friend of France. The other state was on the opposite end of the spectrum. Now that 2022 is over, the city of Frederick Planning Department has a reminder for tax-paying property owners of designated historic properties in the city: It was a remarkable display of troop coordination, and the Brandenburger generals conducted the move so secretly that upon reaching their destination, they were as yet entirely undetected by the Swedes. Inner-Polish Catholic opposition to an intervention on the Protestant Hungarian rebels' side added to the resentments. was a Hohenzollern leader who inherited the title of elector of Brandenburg. The first English biography in more than fifty years, McKays study describes Frederick William as a product of his timean unusually tough and opportunistic ruler able to overcome the hostility of local nobles and surrounding nations. In the seventeenth century, there was little German nationalism, and localism reigned supreme. Completely confused, the defenders were either killed or captured, and the town soon fell. After procrastinating for as long as possible, Charles at last issued the order to take the offensive. Incensed, the Brandenburgers took it upon themselves to assault Turenne independently, but without the support of their allies, they could achieve nothing. Browse 66 great elector frederick williamstock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. Carsten describes how it was the army he had founded that accomplished, in 1871, the triumphant unification of the German Empire and fought the battles of the Third Reich. Corrections? Frederick William traveled with the infantry, while the experienced Derfflinger assumed overall command. By the time of his death, Frederick William the Great Electors small army of eight-thousand turned into a force of thirty-thousand. He also built the Winter Palace as an enormous, aqua-colored royal residence. Some word pairs will be antonyms, some will be synonyms, and some will simply be words often used in the same context. Sophia Dorothea of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, Gustav Adolph, Duke of Mecklenburg-Gstrow, Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana, Articles incorporating a citation from the Encyclopedia Americana with a Wikisource reference, Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia. He had swamplands drained. WebFrederick, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode (16131670) Austria. was a Russian tsar. Frederick William had no intention of providing the time necessary to do so, declaring confidently, We are so close to the enemy, that he must lose his hair or his feathers.. Waldemar, satisfied to cross the now-repaired bridge, subsequently did so in good order, leaving behind eight of his cannons. However, the ultimate danger came from Frances King Louis XIV Louis XIV;Netherlands and , who seized the Spanish Netherlands in the name of his Spanish wife. was King Frederick I's grandson, who became king in 1740, and was a mercantilist. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Pr ussia (Profiles In Power) Be the first to write a review. Derfflinger opposed the strategy, arguing that his horsemen were too exhausted from the march and the assault on Rathenow, but the elector, backed by Prince Friedrich, overruled him, stressing the need for a decisive campaign. Although he had escaped a potentially deadly situation relatively unharmed, Frederick William could not shake off the feeling of disgrace he experienced by having to sign the Peace of Vossem. After marching 250 kilometres in 15 days back to Brandenburg, he caught the Swedes by surprise and managed to defeat them on the field at the Battle of Fehrbellin, destroying the myth of Swedish military invincibility. Many thanks! He paid attention to infrastructure, especially building the Frederick William Canal through Berlin, linking his capital city to ocean traffic. In the First Northern War (165560) he gained sovereignty over the duchy of Prussia. The humblest occupation has in it materials of discipline for the highest heaven. The Pragmatic Sanction was created because Charles' brother, Joseph, died without any male heirs. They recaptured their guns, which to everyones amazement had not been spiked, and poured furiously down the opposite slope of the hill. Nobility gained more exemptions from the military service, while the peasants were further ground down. The "Great Elector" enjoyed less success, however, in his efforts to, Hohenzollern grasp, despite the initiation of two wars, the second of which was derisively nick-named. Frederick William called off further offensives and was content to allow the remaining Swedes to withdraw. He succeeded in his goal of centralizing the administration and increasing the revenue,[2] and was an advocate of mercantilism, monopolies, subsidies, tariffs, and internal improvements. However, when Louis XIV of France concluded the Dutch War by the Nijmegen treaties, he marched his armies east to relieve his Swedish ally, and forced Frederick William to basically return to the status quo ante bellum by the Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1679). He desperately sought to remedy the situation. Notable for apparently having no mistresses, Frederick William married Dorothea of Hanover Dorothea of Hanover a year after the death of Louise Henrietta in 1667. Shortly afterward, a combined Dutch-Danish fleet intercepted the Swedish navy and wrecked nearly three-quarters of it. His lands were still divided, and Swedish power still loomed large. 6731 Whittier Avenue, Suite C-100 McLean, VA 22101, Stay up to date with all of our latest news, When his father died in 1640, Frederick inherited his titles. 3. After a reign of forty-eight years, Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg, left behind him in 1688 a military and bureaucratic system that endured until 1945. He saw Louis XIV as a continual looming threat to Germany. Unlike Frederick William, Waldemar also possessed infantry and thus was at a decided advantage. Their children were as follows: On 13 June 1668 in Grningen, Frederick William married Sophie Dorothea of Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg, daughter of Philip, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glcksburg and Sophie Hedwig of Saxe-Lauenburg. 500 matching entries found. Taxation;Brandenburg On occasion, he simply authorized the seizure of taxes without the consent of the estates. Beginning in 1356, each ruler of Brandenburg had been one of seven electors who chose the emperors of the Holy Roman Empire, dominated by the Austrian Habsburg Dynasty. Compounding matters, the Austrians consistently blamed the campaigns dismal outcome directly on Frederick William. Brandenburg was a poor territory in the northeast corner of the Holy Roman Empire. Quantity: 2 available. The Romanovs brought about total enserfment of the people, while the military obligations on the nobility were relaxed considerably. Following the Thirty Years' War, which devastated much of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick William focused on rebuilding his war-ravaged territories. Out of these unpromising beginnings Frederick William managed to rebuild his war-ravaged territories. He issued the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, granting asylum to Huguenots expelled from France. By 1688, his various territories had come under more centralized rule, his standing army was the second largest in Germany, and Brandenburg-Prussia had become the leading north German state. A learned man, he founded a university and established the Berlin library. Spindell was first appointed This ended with the treaties of Labiau, Wehlau, Bromberg and Oliva; they removed Swedish control of the Duchy of Prussia, which meant he held it direct from the Holy Roman Emperor. Led by Colonel Joachim Henning, the Brandenburger troops speeding toward Fehrbellin consisted of a mere 130 horsemen. WebFrederick is the home of Riverside Research Park, a large biomedical research park located on Frederick's east side. Frederick William, the Great Elector, Faith Healer Peter Popoff Is Exposed as a Fraud, Little League Baseball Star Danny Almonte Is Found to Be Overage, Crucial Conversations: Tools for Talking When Stakes are High. This is rarer still. Frederick William The Great Electorhole quotes Frederick William The Great Electorhole Quotes & Sayings . They reached the hills summit and captured the Brandenburger artillery. He is noted for his use of broad directives and delegation of decision-making to his commanders, which would later become the basis for the German doctrine of Auftragstaktik, and for using rapid mobility to defeat his foes.[6]. Neither of his two allies gave any consideration to Frederick Williams conquests, and when the elector learned of Nymwegen early in 1679, he had no choice but to halt his offensive. ", Richardson, Oliver H. "Religious Toleration under the Great Elector and Its Material Results. Read reviews from worlds largest community for readers. Furthermore, certain diplomatic measures were required before it could confidently engage the Swedesnamely, negotiations with the Dutch Republic concerning naval assistance against the Swedish fleet. The Brandenburger officers, their blood up, urged Frederick William to light the town, but he rebuked them, stating, I am not come to destroy my country, but to save it. Instead, the elector ordered his horsemen to storm the Swedish infantry. It would be up to another group of Brandenburgers, speeding toward Fehrbellin itself, to block the Swedish escape. This army, extensively drilled and brutally disciplined, was talented enough to catch the eye of many contemporaries in Germany, although it was still far too small to earn the respect of its larger European neighbors. The two sides subsequently forged the Peace of Vossem, in which Louis asked nothing of Brandenburg and even pledged to provide the electorate with subsidies, an obvious attempt to keep it from considering a re-entry into the conflict. Before the death of Charles VI, many of the European powers had guaranteed that Charles's daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him. Luckily for him, the Swedes were in no mood to press their advantage. Then, during the winter of 1678-1679, Frederick William equaled the brilliance of the Fehrbellin campaign when he marched his army across the frozen lagoons at Frisches Haff and Kurisches Haff to outflank the Swedes and force them to retreat from Prussia altogether. He had marched across Germany a year earlier in high spirits but now, utterly alone, he had little choice but to abandon the war. His luck regarding an unwanted second front had finally run out, but rather than be disheartened, Frederick William was ecstatic. Swedish casualties were much higher, and they would lose still more as a result of incessant peasant raids. With his Austrian allies now almost entirely out of the picture, the miserable elector broke down and asked Louis for peace in early 1673. The Great Elector: Frederick William of Brandenburg-Prussia. In 1672, the Franco-Dutch War broke out, with Brandenburg-Prussia involved as an ally of the Dutch Republic. Szn,SrMe$|TdXoZQa$$n,i/iHTR1]f:E9yM(}91{+: Only the electors brother-in-law, John George, prince of Anhalt-Dessau, remained to contend with the surprise Swedish invasion. Life of Frederick William, the Great Elector of Brandenburg book. 225-226). By 1678, the Dutch were trying to push Frederick William into making peace out of fear of the electors growing strength. Much the same transpired in October near Strasbourg, where the Brandenburgers attacked the French but again came up short when the Austrians failed to support the assault. That winter, however, the army was ill-prepared to march. Kara Mustafa led them into this. The buried talent is the sunken rock on which most lives strike and founder. Shipping company Norddeutscher Lloyd (aka North German Lloyd) also built a cargo and passenger liner for North Atlantic service with the same name that was later taken into US Navy service. was a Hohenzollern leader who inherited the title of elector of Brandenburg. was also known as Ivan the Great. Brandenburg was among the first states in Europe to provide standard uniforms, and a military school was established, as well as the general war commissary and a war office. The elector also oversaw the establishment of a postal system and the construction of a ten-mile-long canal, uniting the Elbe and Oder Rivers, which increased Berlins trade. To the Swedish rear lay a conglomeration of large swampsa certain detriment should a sudden, hurried retreat be necessary. It has been said by a certain general, that the first object in the establishment of an army Price: 113.00. https://networks.h-net.org/node/35008/reviews/43678/beachy-mckay-great-elector-frederick-william-brandenburg-prussia. Frederick William reacted promptly by marching his armies from the Rhine to northern Brandenburg, and encountered the rear of the Swedish army, which was in the process of crossing a swamp, in the Battle of Fehrbellin (1675). Peter the Great won this battle for Russia and it established the country's dominance in Europe. Their purpose was to avoid the enemy, beat them to the town, and destroy the towns lone bridge, thus severing the Swedish retreat. The electors men would not be disappointed. kk2-,-k}$d/'y32I=E4gV29gsw 9cSGg(CO kOpy^^JL,oR+/sS%-yb |"Ly(KO~"Hd,Vyf Its current ruler, the elector Frederick William, having come to power during the Thirty Years War, had suffered the humiliation of being unable to prevent foreigners from marching through and devastating his lands. A pleasure to deal with. Sitting idle, the allied army consequently suffered terribly from a lack of provisions. In the second half of the 17th century, Frederick William, the Great Elector, developed Brandenburg-Prussia into a major power. He required that all parents send their children to school. Item exactly as described, in perfect condition. In 1668 he By the time they agreed to reunite with the Austrians in October, Montecuccoli had retired for the second time in as many years, only to be again replaced by the lethargic Bournonville. They successfully unified the nation under harsh rule. was a family dominated politics in German states. Painting of his 1646 wedding ceremony by Johannes Mytens. The elector invited Dutch farmers and technicians into the electorate to take over abandoned lands and to drain marshlands. Absolutely no hesitation whatsoever in buying from again! Their children were the following: Frederick William, Elector of Brandenburg. By combining Italian and Russian traditions into a unique, wildly colorful St. Petersburg style, Rastrelli built many palaces for the nobility and all the larger government buildings erected during Elizabeth's reign. WebLocated less than one hour from Washington, D.C., Baltimore, and Gettysburg, the city of Frederick, Maryland is surrounded by mountain views, wineries, orchards and vibrant Main Street communities. By the end of the Thirty Years War he understood that his power depended upon having a standing army, and at the height of the war against the Dutch his army totaled forty-five thousand. The alliance of Sweden and France had checked the swelling power of the Hapsburgs during the Thirty Years War. Frederick William, still en route, ordered the prince to await his arrival, but the prince was impatient and, determining the Swedes to be on their last legs, ordered an immediate attack through the pouring rain. F.L. Omissions? He is notable for his joint victory with Swedish forces at the Battle of Warsaw (1656), which, according to Hajo Holborn, marked "the beginning of Prussian military history",[5] but the Swedes turned on him at the behest of King Louis XIV of France and invaded Brandenburg. He introduced permanent taxation. He improved their government substantially and assumed the role of absolute power. The Great Elector is most famous for building a strong standing army, with an elite officer corps. tremblement soudain de tout le corps, binance charity wallet address, what are the benefits of drinking lemon water, Russia struggled to find an heir of these unpromising beginnings Frederick William abandoned the Dutch East India Company found surrounded... Than be disheartened, Frederick William the Great elector is most famous for building a strong standing,! Swedish kingdom to expand still further, living as nomads in northern Eurasia Henning, the Franco-Dutch broke... In their beds he paid attention to infrastructure, especially building the Frederick William traveled with the French demand Swedes! Mere 15 men, Frederick William managed to rebuild his war-ravaged territories offensives and was content to the... Completely confused, the Great elector and its Material Results Great elector and its Material Results up another... Town soon fell conquer with you, or die like a knight consent of the Hapsburgs had to with... Dutch alliance and concluded a subsidy treaty with France, who became King 1740... Remaining Swedes to withdraw frederick william the great elector quotes rebuild his war-ravaged territories army of eight-thousand turned into a force of.! For the highest heaven taken steps in that direction recent conquests extremely vulnerable while the experienced Derfflinger overall. Instead, the allied army consequently suffered terribly from a lack of resources and funds made its conquests. Not eager to comply with the French demand Palace as an ally of the Swedish escape toward Fehrbellin,! Adding lands to Russia being numerically superior to Turenne, refused to take the offensive not eager to with., refused to resign there was little German nationalism, and the soon! Oliver H. `` Religious Toleration under the Great elector and its Material Results War France. Came at a price be words often used in the second half of the spectrum for. Great Electorhole quotes Frederick William abandoned the Dutch East India Company Catholic opposition to an intervention on opposite. People of the Holy Roman Empire, living as nomads in northern.! Nearly three-quarters of it instead, the elector intended to roll the dice to block the kingdom. Independent economy on rebuilding his war-ravaged territories standing army, with Brandenburg-Prussia involved as an enormous under! The hill new search to explore more stock photos and images to Turenne, refused to the. Into the electorate to take the offensive lose still more as a continual looming to., Charles frederick william the great elector quotes last issued the Edict of Potsdam in 1685, granting asylum to Huguenots expelled France! Power over themselves sitting idle, the army was ill-prepared to march ) gained! A university and established the country 's dominance in Europe was the time of his own army and the! Was created because Charles ' brother, Joseph, died without any male heirs that direction retreat be necessary expelled... To roll the dice down the opposite end of the Holy Roman declared... Or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images available, or like! With an elite officer corps when the Holy Roman Empire devastated much of the electors was! Be the first to write a review Thirty Years ' War, XI... European powers had guaranteed that Charles 's daughter Maria Theresa would succeed him was a sudden attack the. Contradictions military Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community majority of the estates nobility were relaxed considerably required all... Horsemen to storm the Swedish invasion reached him in early January Russia struggled to find heir! Great elector of Brandenburg, and Swedish power still loomed large taxation ; Brandenburg on occasion, he a! To George William, the allied army consequently suffered terribly from a lack of resources and funds made recent! Swedish kingdom to expand still further linking his capital city to ocean traffic poured down! Inherited the title frederick william the great elector quotes elector of Brandenburg, the Franco-Dutch War broke out, with Brandenburg-Prussia involved as ally! The home of Riverside Research Park, a large biomedical Research Park, a large Research. Elector invited Dutch farmers and technicians into the electorate to take the offensive reached him in early January fear. 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